Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa
Thesis (PhD)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emergence and re-emergence of viral human pathogens from wildlife sources in the recent past has led to increased studies and surveillance of wildlife for potentially zoonotic agents in order to gain a better understanding of the pa...
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ftunstellenbosch:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/85771 2023-11-12T04:08:16+01:00 Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika Preiser, Wolfgang Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology. 2013-11-28T13:24:15Z xvii, 202 p. : ill. (some col.) application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85771 unknown Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85771 Stellenbosch University Emerging viral zoonoses Bats -- Research Rodents -- Research Zoonoses -- Transmission -- South Africa -- Research Animals as carriers of disease -- South Africa -- Research Communicable diseases between animals and human beings -- South Africa -- Research Theses -- Medicine Dissertations -- Medicine Theses -- Medical virology Dissertations -- Medical virology Thesis 2013 ftunstellenbosch 2023-10-22T07:23:23Z Thesis (PhD)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emergence and re-emergence of viral human pathogens from wildlife sources in the recent past has led to increased studies and surveillance of wildlife for potentially zoonotic agents in order to gain a better understanding of the pathogens, their sources as well as events that may lead to viral emergence. Of the >1407 known human pathogens, 13% are classified as emerging or re-emerging, and 58% as zoonotic; 37% of the (re-)emerging and 19% of the zoonotic pathogens are RNA viruses, accounting for the majority of recently emerged infectious diseases with a zoonotic origin, such as HIV, Ebola, Hendra, Nipah, Influenza and SARS. This study focusses on potentially zoonotic viruses hosted by rodents (Muridae family), shrews (order previously known as Insectivora/Soricomorpha, now reclassified as Eulipotyphla) and bats (order Chiroptera). Rodents and bats represent the largest (~40%) and second largest (~25%) mammalian orders and both occur on every continent except Antarctica. Together, the three mammalian orders investigated represent the most relevant potential sources of new zoonoses. In this study I investigated the occurrence of astroviruses, arenaviruses, coronaviruses and hantaviruses in South African small mammal species belonging to the orders mentioned above. These viruses have either been implicated in recent emerging zoonotic events or are considered to have the potential to cause cross-species transmissions resulting in a zoonotic event. In the first part of the study specimens collected from various bat, rodent and shrew species were screened for viral sequences by broadly reactive PCRs; positive samples were characterised by sequencing and sequence analysis. A separate part of the study focussed on hantavirus disease in humans: a seroprevalance survey was conducted to determine the presence of hantavirus antibodies in the local population. Additionally, acutely ill patients with potential hantavirus disease were tested in an ... Thesis Antarc* Antarctica Stellenbosch University: SUNScholar Research Repository |
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Open Polar |
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Stellenbosch University: SUNScholar Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunstellenbosch |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Emerging viral zoonoses Bats -- Research Rodents -- Research Zoonoses -- Transmission -- South Africa -- Research Animals as carriers of disease -- South Africa -- Research Communicable diseases between animals and human beings -- South Africa -- Research Theses -- Medicine Dissertations -- Medicine Theses -- Medical virology Dissertations -- Medical virology |
spellingShingle |
Emerging viral zoonoses Bats -- Research Rodents -- Research Zoonoses -- Transmission -- South Africa -- Research Animals as carriers of disease -- South Africa -- Research Communicable diseases between animals and human beings -- South Africa -- Research Theses -- Medicine Dissertations -- Medicine Theses -- Medical virology Dissertations -- Medical virology Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa |
topic_facet |
Emerging viral zoonoses Bats -- Research Rodents -- Research Zoonoses -- Transmission -- South Africa -- Research Animals as carriers of disease -- South Africa -- Research Communicable diseases between animals and human beings -- South Africa -- Research Theses -- Medicine Dissertations -- Medicine Theses -- Medical virology Dissertations -- Medical virology |
description |
Thesis (PhD)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emergence and re-emergence of viral human pathogens from wildlife sources in the recent past has led to increased studies and surveillance of wildlife for potentially zoonotic agents in order to gain a better understanding of the pathogens, their sources as well as events that may lead to viral emergence. Of the >1407 known human pathogens, 13% are classified as emerging or re-emerging, and 58% as zoonotic; 37% of the (re-)emerging and 19% of the zoonotic pathogens are RNA viruses, accounting for the majority of recently emerged infectious diseases with a zoonotic origin, such as HIV, Ebola, Hendra, Nipah, Influenza and SARS. This study focusses on potentially zoonotic viruses hosted by rodents (Muridae family), shrews (order previously known as Insectivora/Soricomorpha, now reclassified as Eulipotyphla) and bats (order Chiroptera). Rodents and bats represent the largest (~40%) and second largest (~25%) mammalian orders and both occur on every continent except Antarctica. Together, the three mammalian orders investigated represent the most relevant potential sources of new zoonoses. In this study I investigated the occurrence of astroviruses, arenaviruses, coronaviruses and hantaviruses in South African small mammal species belonging to the orders mentioned above. These viruses have either been implicated in recent emerging zoonotic events or are considered to have the potential to cause cross-species transmissions resulting in a zoonotic event. In the first part of the study specimens collected from various bat, rodent and shrew species were screened for viral sequences by broadly reactive PCRs; positive samples were characterised by sequencing and sequence analysis. A separate part of the study focussed on hantavirus disease in humans: a seroprevalance survey was conducted to determine the presence of hantavirus antibodies in the local population. Additionally, acutely ill patients with potential hantavirus disease were tested in an ... |
author2 |
Preiser, Wolfgang Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika |
author_facet |
Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika |
author_sort |
Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika |
title |
Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa |
title_short |
Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa |
title_full |
Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa |
title_fullStr |
Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in South Africa |
title_sort |
investigation of small mammal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential in south africa |
publisher |
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85771 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85771 |
op_rights |
Stellenbosch University |
_version_ |
1782328603873116160 |