The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon
There is scarcity of research examining the physiological and psychological effects of ultra-endurance racing on athletes in extreme conditions. The purpose of the current study was to identify common injury patterns and illness, profile mood states and sleep patterns and finally examine the relatio...
Published in: | European Journal of Sport Science |
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Language: | English |
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2020
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Online Access: | https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/the-examination-of-mental-toughness-sleep-mood-and-injury-rates-in-an-arctic-ultramarathon(e3cb367e-b3a2-41ad-b638-922d7331a135).html https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1733670 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/21579/1/MurrayGraham_2020_EJSS_mental_AAM.pdf |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/e3cb367e-b3a2-41ad-b638-922d7331a135 2023-05-15T14:24:52+02:00 The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon Graham, Scott Murray Martindale, Russell J. J. McKinley, Mairi Connaboy, Chris Andronikos, Georgios Susmarski, Adam 2020-03-10 application/pdf https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/the-examination-of-mental-toughness-sleep-mood-and-injury-rates-in-an-arctic-ultramarathon(e3cb367e-b3a2-41ad-b638-922d7331a135).html https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1733670 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/21579/1/MurrayGraham_2020_EJSS_mental_AAM.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Graham , S M , Martindale , R J J , McKinley , M , Connaboy , C , Andronikos , G & Susmarski , A 2020 , ' The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon ' , European Journal of Sport Science , vol. Latest Articles . https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1733670 Endurance Environmental physiology Fatigue Injury and prevention Mental toughness article 2020 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1733670 2021-12-26T14:36:23Z There is scarcity of research examining the physiological and psychological effects of ultra-endurance racing on athletes in extreme conditions. The purpose of the current study was to identify common injury patterns and illness, profile mood states and sleep patterns and finally examine the relationships between mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates during a 120 mile, three-day Arctic ultra-marathon. Twelve participants (3 females, 9 males) with a mean age of 42 ± 5.35 yrs participated in the study. Mental toughness was measured using the MT18 questionnaire. Injuries were clinically assessed and recorded each day. Temperatures ranged from −20 to −6 degrees Celsius throughout the race. Sleep quantity and mood state were recorded using the BRUMS questionnaire. 10 out of the 12 participants experienced injuries; almost half of the participants had injuries that carried over a number of days. Mean sleep duration over the three days was 4.07 h, with an average of 0.78 injuries per day. Significant changes in mood were recorded across the three days, specifically a reduction in vigour ( p = .029) and increase in fatigue ( p = .014). Neither sleep quantity nor mental toughness was correlated with injury rate. Interestingly, sleep quantity was not related to changes in mood, as previously shown in ultra-marathons. Mental toughness had a moderate negative correlation ( p < 0.01) with depression (−.623), reduced anger (−.616), confusion (−.558), increased vigour (.497) and tension (−.420) during the race. Success in this type of event involves significant psychological and physiological preparation to minimize the effects of sleep deprivation and avoidance of injuries. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic University of St Andrews: Research Portal Arctic European Journal of Sport Science 21 1 100 106 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
Endurance Environmental physiology Fatigue Injury and prevention Mental toughness |
spellingShingle |
Endurance Environmental physiology Fatigue Injury and prevention Mental toughness Graham, Scott Murray Martindale, Russell J. J. McKinley, Mairi Connaboy, Chris Andronikos, Georgios Susmarski, Adam The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon |
topic_facet |
Endurance Environmental physiology Fatigue Injury and prevention Mental toughness |
description |
There is scarcity of research examining the physiological and psychological effects of ultra-endurance racing on athletes in extreme conditions. The purpose of the current study was to identify common injury patterns and illness, profile mood states and sleep patterns and finally examine the relationships between mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates during a 120 mile, three-day Arctic ultra-marathon. Twelve participants (3 females, 9 males) with a mean age of 42 ± 5.35 yrs participated in the study. Mental toughness was measured using the MT18 questionnaire. Injuries were clinically assessed and recorded each day. Temperatures ranged from −20 to −6 degrees Celsius throughout the race. Sleep quantity and mood state were recorded using the BRUMS questionnaire. 10 out of the 12 participants experienced injuries; almost half of the participants had injuries that carried over a number of days. Mean sleep duration over the three days was 4.07 h, with an average of 0.78 injuries per day. Significant changes in mood were recorded across the three days, specifically a reduction in vigour ( p = .029) and increase in fatigue ( p = .014). Neither sleep quantity nor mental toughness was correlated with injury rate. Interestingly, sleep quantity was not related to changes in mood, as previously shown in ultra-marathons. Mental toughness had a moderate negative correlation ( p < 0.01) with depression (−.623), reduced anger (−.616), confusion (−.558), increased vigour (.497) and tension (−.420) during the race. Success in this type of event involves significant psychological and physiological preparation to minimize the effects of sleep deprivation and avoidance of injuries. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Graham, Scott Murray Martindale, Russell J. J. McKinley, Mairi Connaboy, Chris Andronikos, Georgios Susmarski, Adam |
author_facet |
Graham, Scott Murray Martindale, Russell J. J. McKinley, Mairi Connaboy, Chris Andronikos, Georgios Susmarski, Adam |
author_sort |
Graham, Scott Murray |
title |
The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon |
title_short |
The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon |
title_full |
The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon |
title_fullStr |
The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon |
title_full_unstemmed |
The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon |
title_sort |
examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an arctic ultra-marathon |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/the-examination-of-mental-toughness-sleep-mood-and-injury-rates-in-an-arctic-ultramarathon(e3cb367e-b3a2-41ad-b638-922d7331a135).html https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1733670 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/21579/1/MurrayGraham_2020_EJSS_mental_AAM.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic |
op_source |
Graham , S M , Martindale , R J J , McKinley , M , Connaboy , C , Andronikos , G & Susmarski , A 2020 , ' The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon ' , European Journal of Sport Science , vol. Latest Articles . https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1733670 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1733670 |
container_title |
European Journal of Sport Science |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
100 |
op_container_end_page |
106 |
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1766297325138870272 |