Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis
The three-dimensional beam pattern of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) tagged in the Ligurian Sea was derived using data on regular clicks from the tag and from hydrophones towed behind a ship circling the tagged whale. The tag defined the orientation of the whale, while sightings and beamform...
Published in: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
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Online Access: | https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/threedimensional-beam-pattern-of-regular-sperm-whale-clicks-confirms-benthorn-hypothesis(71a27a47-d1aa-40cb-acc7-72a7be0b106f).html https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/71a27a47-d1aa-40cb-acc7-72a7be0b106f 2023-05-15T17:59:26+02:00 Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis Zimmer, W M X Tyack, P L Johnson, Mark Madsen, P T 2005-03 https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/threedimensional-beam-pattern-of-regular-sperm-whale-clicks-confirms-benthorn-hypothesis(71a27a47-d1aa-40cb-acc7-72a7be0b106f).html https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Zimmer , W M X , Tyack , P L , Johnson , M & Madsen , P T 2005 , ' Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 117 , no. 3 , pp. 1473-1485 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 article 2005 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 2021-12-26T14:21:07Z The three-dimensional beam pattern of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) tagged in the Ligurian Sea was derived using data on regular clicks from the tag and from hydrophones towed behind a ship circling the tagged whale. The tag defined the orientation of the whale, while sightings and beamformer data were used to locate the whale with respect to the ship. The existence of a narrow, forward-directed P1 beam with source levels exceeding 210 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m is confirmed. A modeled forward-beam pattern, that matches clicks > 20 degrees off-axis, predicts a directivity index of 26.7 dB and source levels of up to 229 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m. A broader backward-directed beam is produced by the P0 pulse with source levels near 200 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m and a directivity index of 7.4 dB. A low-frequency component with source levels near 190 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m is generated at the onset of the P0 pulse by air resonance. The results support the bent-horn model of sound production in sperm whales. While the sperm whale nose appears primarily adapted to produce an intense forward-directed sonar signal, less-directional click components convey information to conspecifics, and give rise to echoes from the seafloor and the surface, which may be useful for orientation during dives. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. Article in Journal/Newspaper Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale University of St Andrews: Research Portal The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 3 1473 1485 |
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University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
description |
The three-dimensional beam pattern of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) tagged in the Ligurian Sea was derived using data on regular clicks from the tag and from hydrophones towed behind a ship circling the tagged whale. The tag defined the orientation of the whale, while sightings and beamformer data were used to locate the whale with respect to the ship. The existence of a narrow, forward-directed P1 beam with source levels exceeding 210 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m is confirmed. A modeled forward-beam pattern, that matches clicks > 20 degrees off-axis, predicts a directivity index of 26.7 dB and source levels of up to 229 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m. A broader backward-directed beam is produced by the P0 pulse with source levels near 200 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m and a directivity index of 7.4 dB. A low-frequency component with source levels near 190 dB(peak) re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m is generated at the onset of the P0 pulse by air resonance. The results support the bent-horn model of sound production in sperm whales. While the sperm whale nose appears primarily adapted to produce an intense forward-directed sonar signal, less-directional click components convey information to conspecifics, and give rise to echoes from the seafloor and the surface, which may be useful for orientation during dives. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zimmer, W M X Tyack, P L Johnson, Mark Madsen, P T |
spellingShingle |
Zimmer, W M X Tyack, P L Johnson, Mark Madsen, P T Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
author_facet |
Zimmer, W M X Tyack, P L Johnson, Mark Madsen, P T |
author_sort |
Zimmer, W M X |
title |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_short |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_full |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_fullStr |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_sort |
three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/threedimensional-beam-pattern-of-regular-sperm-whale-clicks-confirms-benthorn-hypothesis(71a27a47-d1aa-40cb-acc7-72a7be0b106f).html https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 |
genre |
Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale |
genre_facet |
Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale |
op_source |
Zimmer , W M X , Tyack , P L , Johnson , M & Madsen , P T 2005 , ' Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 117 , no. 3 , pp. 1473-1485 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 |
container_title |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
container_volume |
117 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1473 |
op_container_end_page |
1485 |
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1766168242456363008 |