Patterned ground
Patterned ground is terrain exhibiting surface patterning, primarily in the form of circles, polygons, irregular networks, or stripes. Two types are distinguished: sorted patterns delimited by alternating soil and clasts, and nonsorted patterns defined by microrelief or alternating vegetated and unv...
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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
2006
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Online Access: | https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/patterned-ground(6d4c2dd0-1c9d-4917-81ec-bfc1fe74c964).html https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00107-1 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960363033&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/6d4c2dd0-1c9d-4917-81ec-bfc1fe74c964 2023-05-15T16:36:41+02:00 Patterned ground Ballantyne, C. K. 2006-01-01 https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/patterned-ground(6d4c2dd0-1c9d-4917-81ec-bfc1fe74c964).html https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00107-1 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960363033&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Ballantyne , C K 2006 , Patterned ground . in Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science . 1st edn , PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD , pp. 2182-2191 . https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00107-1 Active layer Annual freezing and thawing Buoyancy-driven convection Crop marks Cryostatic pressure Cryoturbation Desiccation cracking Diapirism Differential frost heave Dilation cracking Diurnal freezing and thawing Earth hummocks Freezing planes Frost cracking Frost heave Frost susceptibility Ice veins Ice wedges Ice-wedge polygons Needle ice Nonsorted circles Nonsorted patterned ground Patterned ground Periglacial Permafrost Sand-wedge polygons Soil circulation Sorted circles Sorted nets Sorted patterned ground Sorted pits Sorted polygons Sorted stripes Stony earth circles Thermal contraction cracking Thufur Tundra polygons bookPart 2006 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00107-1 2022-06-02T07:54:42Z Patterned ground is terrain exhibiting surface patterning, primarily in the form of circles, polygons, irregular networks, or stripes. Two types are distinguished: sorted patterns delimited by alternating soil and clasts, and nonsorted patterns defined by microrelief or alternating vegetated and unvegetated ground. Most patterns form through recurrent freezing and thawing of moist soil in periglacial environments. Small sorted forms reflect separation of stony soil into fine and coarse domains by differential frost heave and/or differential needle-ice growth. Larger sorted patterns are probably produced by a combination of differential (annual) frost heave and buoyancy-driven soil circulation during thaw. Small sorted patterns reflect shallow soil freezing, but large sorted patterns are often associated with permafrost. The most widespread nonsorted patterns are ice-wedge polygons, earth hummocks, and nonsorted circles and stripes. Ice-wedge polygons develop through recurrent thermal contraction cracking of permafrost and freezing of meltwater in cracks. Earth hummocks are small vegetated soil mounds in both permafrost and nonpermafrost environments. Their formation has been attributed to circulatory soil movement above depressions in the permafrost table, differential frost heave, and upward injection of soil through dilation cracks. Nonsorted circles and stripes are thought to reflect circulatory soil movements in areas of alternating vegetated and vegetation-free ground in permafrost areas. Book Part Ice permafrost Tundra wedge* University of St Andrews: Research Portal 2182 2191 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
Active layer Annual freezing and thawing Buoyancy-driven convection Crop marks Cryostatic pressure Cryoturbation Desiccation cracking Diapirism Differential frost heave Dilation cracking Diurnal freezing and thawing Earth hummocks Freezing planes Frost cracking Frost heave Frost susceptibility Ice veins Ice wedges Ice-wedge polygons Needle ice Nonsorted circles Nonsorted patterned ground Patterned ground Periglacial Permafrost Sand-wedge polygons Soil circulation Sorted circles Sorted nets Sorted patterned ground Sorted pits Sorted polygons Sorted stripes Stony earth circles Thermal contraction cracking Thufur Tundra polygons |
spellingShingle |
Active layer Annual freezing and thawing Buoyancy-driven convection Crop marks Cryostatic pressure Cryoturbation Desiccation cracking Diapirism Differential frost heave Dilation cracking Diurnal freezing and thawing Earth hummocks Freezing planes Frost cracking Frost heave Frost susceptibility Ice veins Ice wedges Ice-wedge polygons Needle ice Nonsorted circles Nonsorted patterned ground Patterned ground Periglacial Permafrost Sand-wedge polygons Soil circulation Sorted circles Sorted nets Sorted patterned ground Sorted pits Sorted polygons Sorted stripes Stony earth circles Thermal contraction cracking Thufur Tundra polygons Ballantyne, C. K. Patterned ground |
topic_facet |
Active layer Annual freezing and thawing Buoyancy-driven convection Crop marks Cryostatic pressure Cryoturbation Desiccation cracking Diapirism Differential frost heave Dilation cracking Diurnal freezing and thawing Earth hummocks Freezing planes Frost cracking Frost heave Frost susceptibility Ice veins Ice wedges Ice-wedge polygons Needle ice Nonsorted circles Nonsorted patterned ground Patterned ground Periglacial Permafrost Sand-wedge polygons Soil circulation Sorted circles Sorted nets Sorted patterned ground Sorted pits Sorted polygons Sorted stripes Stony earth circles Thermal contraction cracking Thufur Tundra polygons |
description |
Patterned ground is terrain exhibiting surface patterning, primarily in the form of circles, polygons, irregular networks, or stripes. Two types are distinguished: sorted patterns delimited by alternating soil and clasts, and nonsorted patterns defined by microrelief or alternating vegetated and unvegetated ground. Most patterns form through recurrent freezing and thawing of moist soil in periglacial environments. Small sorted forms reflect separation of stony soil into fine and coarse domains by differential frost heave and/or differential needle-ice growth. Larger sorted patterns are probably produced by a combination of differential (annual) frost heave and buoyancy-driven soil circulation during thaw. Small sorted patterns reflect shallow soil freezing, but large sorted patterns are often associated with permafrost. The most widespread nonsorted patterns are ice-wedge polygons, earth hummocks, and nonsorted circles and stripes. Ice-wedge polygons develop through recurrent thermal contraction cracking of permafrost and freezing of meltwater in cracks. Earth hummocks are small vegetated soil mounds in both permafrost and nonpermafrost environments. Their formation has been attributed to circulatory soil movement above depressions in the permafrost table, differential frost heave, and upward injection of soil through dilation cracks. Nonsorted circles and stripes are thought to reflect circulatory soil movements in areas of alternating vegetated and vegetation-free ground in permafrost areas. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Ballantyne, C. K. |
author_facet |
Ballantyne, C. K. |
author_sort |
Ballantyne, C. K. |
title |
Patterned ground |
title_short |
Patterned ground |
title_full |
Patterned ground |
title_fullStr |
Patterned ground |
title_full_unstemmed |
Patterned ground |
title_sort |
patterned ground |
publisher |
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/patterned-ground(6d4c2dd0-1c9d-4917-81ec-bfc1fe74c964).html https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00107-1 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960363033&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
genre |
Ice permafrost Tundra wedge* |
genre_facet |
Ice permafrost Tundra wedge* |
op_source |
Ballantyne , C K 2006 , Patterned ground . in Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science . 1st edn , PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD , pp. 2182-2191 . https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00107-1 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00107-1 |
container_start_page |
2182 |
op_container_end_page |
2191 |
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1766027012395237376 |