When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar
Anthropogenic noise sources range from intermittent to continuous, with seismic and navy sonar technology moving towards near-continuous transmissions. Continuous active sonar (CAS) may be used at a lower amplitude than traditional pulsed active sonar (PAS), but potentially with greater cumulative s...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Biology |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2020
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Online Access: | https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/when-the-noise-goes-on(3e81ae28-1691-449c-bfa9-180b3b84db34).html https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.219741 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/19767/1/Isojunno_2020_JEB_Soundenergy_CC.pdf |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/3e81ae28-1691-449c-bfa9-180b3b84db34 2023-05-15T17:03:37+02:00 When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar Isojunno, Saana Wensveen, Paul Lam, Frans-Peter Kvadsheim, Petter von Brenda-Beckmann, Alexander M. Martín López, Lucía Martina Kleivane, Lars Siegal, Eilidh Miller, Patrick 2020-04-08 application/pdf https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/when-the-noise-goes-on(3e81ae28-1691-449c-bfa9-180b3b84db34).html https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.219741 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/19767/1/Isojunno_2020_JEB_Soundenergy_CC.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Isojunno , S , Wensveen , P , Lam , F-P , Kvadsheim , P , von Brenda-Beckmann , A M , Martín López , L M , Kleivane , L , Siegal , E & Miller , P 2020 , ' When the noise goes on : received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar ' , Journal of Experimental Biology , vol. 223 , no. 7 , jeb219741 . https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.219741 Anthropogenic noise Continuous active sonar DTAG Intermittent sound Time budget Time-series model article 2020 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.219741 2022-10-13T15:26:31Z Anthropogenic noise sources range from intermittent to continuous, with seismic and navy sonar technology moving towards near-continuous transmissions. Continuous active sonar (CAS) may be used at a lower amplitude than traditional pulsed active sonar (PAS), but potentially with greater cumulative sound energy. We conducted at-sea experiments to contrast the effects of navy PAS versus CAS on sperm whale behaviour using animal-attached sound- and movement-recording tags ( n =16 individuals) in Norway. Changes in foraging effort and proxies for foraging success and cost during sonar and control exposures were assessed while accounting for baseline variation [individual effects, time of day, bathymetry and blackfish (pilot/killer whale) presence] in generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). We found no reduction in time spent foraging during exposures to medium-level PAS (MPAS) transmitted at the same peak amplitude as CAS. In contrast, we found similar reductions in foraging during CAS (d.f.=1, F =8.0, P =0.005) and higher amplitude PAS (d.f.=1, F =20.8, P <0.001) when received at similar energy levels integrated over signal duration. These results provide clear support for sound energy over amplitude as the response driver. We discuss the importance of exposure context and the need to measure cumulative sound energy to account for intermittent versus more continuous sources in noise impact assessments. Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Sperm whale Killer whale University of St Andrews: Research Portal Norway Journal of Experimental Biology |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
Anthropogenic noise Continuous active sonar DTAG Intermittent sound Time budget Time-series model |
spellingShingle |
Anthropogenic noise Continuous active sonar DTAG Intermittent sound Time budget Time-series model Isojunno, Saana Wensveen, Paul Lam, Frans-Peter Kvadsheim, Petter von Brenda-Beckmann, Alexander M. Martín López, Lucía Martina Kleivane, Lars Siegal, Eilidh Miller, Patrick When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar |
topic_facet |
Anthropogenic noise Continuous active sonar DTAG Intermittent sound Time budget Time-series model |
description |
Anthropogenic noise sources range from intermittent to continuous, with seismic and navy sonar technology moving towards near-continuous transmissions. Continuous active sonar (CAS) may be used at a lower amplitude than traditional pulsed active sonar (PAS), but potentially with greater cumulative sound energy. We conducted at-sea experiments to contrast the effects of navy PAS versus CAS on sperm whale behaviour using animal-attached sound- and movement-recording tags ( n =16 individuals) in Norway. Changes in foraging effort and proxies for foraging success and cost during sonar and control exposures were assessed while accounting for baseline variation [individual effects, time of day, bathymetry and blackfish (pilot/killer whale) presence] in generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). We found no reduction in time spent foraging during exposures to medium-level PAS (MPAS) transmitted at the same peak amplitude as CAS. In contrast, we found similar reductions in foraging during CAS (d.f.=1, F =8.0, P =0.005) and higher amplitude PAS (d.f.=1, F =20.8, P <0.001) when received at similar energy levels integrated over signal duration. These results provide clear support for sound energy over amplitude as the response driver. We discuss the importance of exposure context and the need to measure cumulative sound energy to account for intermittent versus more continuous sources in noise impact assessments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Isojunno, Saana Wensveen, Paul Lam, Frans-Peter Kvadsheim, Petter von Brenda-Beckmann, Alexander M. Martín López, Lucía Martina Kleivane, Lars Siegal, Eilidh Miller, Patrick |
author_facet |
Isojunno, Saana Wensveen, Paul Lam, Frans-Peter Kvadsheim, Petter von Brenda-Beckmann, Alexander M. Martín López, Lucía Martina Kleivane, Lars Siegal, Eilidh Miller, Patrick |
author_sort |
Isojunno, Saana |
title |
When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar |
title_short |
When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar |
title_full |
When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar |
title_fullStr |
When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar |
title_full_unstemmed |
When the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar |
title_sort |
when the noise goes on:received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/when-the-noise-goes-on(3e81ae28-1691-449c-bfa9-180b3b84db34).html https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.219741 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/19767/1/Isojunno_2020_JEB_Soundenergy_CC.pdf |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Killer Whale Sperm whale Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Sperm whale Killer whale |
op_source |
Isojunno , S , Wensveen , P , Lam , F-P , Kvadsheim , P , von Brenda-Beckmann , A M , Martín López , L M , Kleivane , L , Siegal , E & Miller , P 2020 , ' When the noise goes on : received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar ' , Journal of Experimental Biology , vol. 223 , no. 7 , jeb219741 . https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.219741 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.219741 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
_version_ |
1766057526596468736 |