Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators
A multibeam echosounder (MBE) was deployed on an inflatable boat (length = 5.5 m) to observe swarms of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the nearshore environment off Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Visual observations of air-breathing predators, including penguins and fur...
Published in: | Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2009
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Online Access: | https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/multibeam-echosounder-observations-reveal-interactions-between-antarctic-krill-and-airbreathing-predators(04289135-8c18-4009-9ae9-e7bdb04bfc78).html https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07795 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=63649130389&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/04289135-8c18-4009-9ae9-e7bdb04bfc78 2023-05-15T13:53:11+02:00 Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators Cox, Martin J. Demer, David A. Warren, Joseph D. Cutter, George R. Brierley, Andrew Stuart 2009 https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/multibeam-echosounder-observations-reveal-interactions-between-antarctic-krill-and-airbreathing-predators(04289135-8c18-4009-9ae9-e7bdb04bfc78).html https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07795 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=63649130389&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Cox , M J , Demer , D A , Warren , J D , Cutter , G R & Brierley , A S 2009 , ' Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators ' , Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol. 378 , pp. 199-209 . https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07795 Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Predator-prey interactions Multibeam echosounder Swarm morphology Livingston Island SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA TARGET-STRENGTH MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA VERTICAL MIGRATION BEHAVIOR MODEL SONAR PREY ABUNDANCE article 2009 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07795 2022-06-02T07:39:48Z A multibeam echosounder (MBE) was deployed on an inflatable boat (length = 5.5 m) to observe swarms of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the nearshore environment off Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Visual observations of air-breathing predators, including penguins and fur seals, were made from the boat at the same time. MBEs extend the 2-dimensional acoustic observations that can be made with conventional vertical echosounders to 3 dimensions, enabling direct observation of the surface areas and volumes of entire krill swarms. Krill swarms exhibited a wide range of various size metrics (e.g. height, length and width) but only a narrow range of surf ace-area-to-volume ratios or 'roughnesses', suggesting that krill adopt a consistent group behavior to maintain swarm shape. The variation in R was investigated using generalized additive models (GAMs). GAMs indicated that the presence of air-breathing predators influenced swarm shape (R decreased as the range to predators decreased, and the swarms became more spherical), as did swarm nearest-neighbor distance (R decreased with increasing distance) and swarm position in the water column (R decreased in the upper 70% of the water column). Therefore, swarm shape appears to be influenced by a combination of behavioral responses to predator presence and environmental variables. MBEs have the potential to contribute much to studies of krill, and can provide data to improve our understanding of the behavior of krill in situ. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctica Euphausia superba Livingston Island Meganyctiphanes norvegica South Shetland Islands University of St Andrews: Research Portal Antarctic South Shetland Islands Livingston Island ENVELOPE(-60.500,-60.500,-62.600,-62.600) Marine Ecology Progress Series 378 199 209 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Predator-prey interactions Multibeam echosounder Swarm morphology Livingston Island SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA TARGET-STRENGTH MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA VERTICAL MIGRATION BEHAVIOR MODEL SONAR PREY ABUNDANCE |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Predator-prey interactions Multibeam echosounder Swarm morphology Livingston Island SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA TARGET-STRENGTH MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA VERTICAL MIGRATION BEHAVIOR MODEL SONAR PREY ABUNDANCE Cox, Martin J. Demer, David A. Warren, Joseph D. Cutter, George R. Brierley, Andrew Stuart Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators |
topic_facet |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Predator-prey interactions Multibeam echosounder Swarm morphology Livingston Island SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA TARGET-STRENGTH MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA VERTICAL MIGRATION BEHAVIOR MODEL SONAR PREY ABUNDANCE |
description |
A multibeam echosounder (MBE) was deployed on an inflatable boat (length = 5.5 m) to observe swarms of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the nearshore environment off Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Visual observations of air-breathing predators, including penguins and fur seals, were made from the boat at the same time. MBEs extend the 2-dimensional acoustic observations that can be made with conventional vertical echosounders to 3 dimensions, enabling direct observation of the surface areas and volumes of entire krill swarms. Krill swarms exhibited a wide range of various size metrics (e.g. height, length and width) but only a narrow range of surf ace-area-to-volume ratios or 'roughnesses', suggesting that krill adopt a consistent group behavior to maintain swarm shape. The variation in R was investigated using generalized additive models (GAMs). GAMs indicated that the presence of air-breathing predators influenced swarm shape (R decreased as the range to predators decreased, and the swarms became more spherical), as did swarm nearest-neighbor distance (R decreased with increasing distance) and swarm position in the water column (R decreased in the upper 70% of the water column). Therefore, swarm shape appears to be influenced by a combination of behavioral responses to predator presence and environmental variables. MBEs have the potential to contribute much to studies of krill, and can provide data to improve our understanding of the behavior of krill in situ. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cox, Martin J. Demer, David A. Warren, Joseph D. Cutter, George R. Brierley, Andrew Stuart |
author_facet |
Cox, Martin J. Demer, David A. Warren, Joseph D. Cutter, George R. Brierley, Andrew Stuart |
author_sort |
Cox, Martin J. |
title |
Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators |
title_short |
Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators |
title_full |
Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators |
title_fullStr |
Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators |
title_sort |
multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between antarctic krill and air-breathing predators |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/multibeam-echosounder-observations-reveal-interactions-between-antarctic-krill-and-airbreathing-predators(04289135-8c18-4009-9ae9-e7bdb04bfc78).html https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07795 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=63649130389&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.500,-60.500,-62.600,-62.600) |
geographic |
Antarctic South Shetland Islands Livingston Island |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic South Shetland Islands Livingston Island |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctica Euphausia superba Livingston Island Meganyctiphanes norvegica South Shetland Islands |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctica Euphausia superba Livingston Island Meganyctiphanes norvegica South Shetland Islands |
op_source |
Cox , M J , Demer , D A , Warren , J D , Cutter , G R & Brierley , A S 2009 , ' Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators ' , Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol. 378 , pp. 199-209 . https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07795 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07795 |
container_title |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
container_volume |
378 |
container_start_page |
199 |
op_container_end_page |
209 |
_version_ |
1766258153788276736 |