The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival
Atlantic salmon have declined markedly in the past 20-30 years throughout their range. Much of the focus for this decline has been on increased mortality during the marine phase of the life cycle. However, marine mortality does not operate independently of factors acting in freshwater and the biolog...
Published in: | ICES Journal of Marine Science |
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2012
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Online Access: | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/e8085e38-7d2f-472c-afba-f80d288b6793 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2603/1/Russell_et_al_2012.pdf |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/e8085e38-7d2f-472c-afba-f80d288b6793 2024-10-13T14:06:03+00:00 The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David 2012 application/pdf https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/e8085e38-7d2f-472c-afba-f80d288b6793 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2603/1/Russell_et_al_2012.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Russell , I , Aprahamian , M , Barry , J , Davidson , I , Fiske , P , Ibbotson , A , Kennedy , R , Maclean , J , Moore , A , Otero , J , Potter , T & Todd , C D 2012 , ' The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival ' , ICES Journal of Marine Science , vol. 69 , no. 9 , pp. 1563-1573 . https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts article 2012 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 2024-09-26T14:11:27Z Atlantic salmon have declined markedly in the past 20-30 years throughout their range. Much of the focus for this decline has been on increased mortality during the marine phase of the life cycle. However, marine mortality does not operate independently of factors acting in freshwater and the biological characteristics of smolts migrating to sea. Over recent decades, juvenile salmon in many rivers have grown faster and migrated to sea at a younger age, and thus typically smaller. This has shortened the generation time for many individuals, and may dampen the impact of increased marine mortality, assuming expected higher in-river survival prior to smolting is not outweighed by increased mortality of smaller smolts at sea. Over the same period, smolt run-timing across the geographic range has been occurring earlier, at a rate of almost three days per decade, on average. This has given rise to growing concerns about smolts potentially missing the optimum environmental migration “window”, the timing of which may also be changing. Contaminants and other factors operating in freshwater also impact on smolt quality with adverse consequences for their physiological readiness for life at sea. Given that managers have very limited ability to influence the broad scale factors limiting salmon survival at sea, it is vital that freshwater habitats are managed to both maximise smolt output and to minimise the impact of factors acting in freshwater which may compromise salmon once they migrate to sea. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon University of St Andrews: Research Portal ICES Journal of Marine Science 69 9 1563 1573 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts |
description |
Atlantic salmon have declined markedly in the past 20-30 years throughout their range. Much of the focus for this decline has been on increased mortality during the marine phase of the life cycle. However, marine mortality does not operate independently of factors acting in freshwater and the biological characteristics of smolts migrating to sea. Over recent decades, juvenile salmon in many rivers have grown faster and migrated to sea at a younger age, and thus typically smaller. This has shortened the generation time for many individuals, and may dampen the impact of increased marine mortality, assuming expected higher in-river survival prior to smolting is not outweighed by increased mortality of smaller smolts at sea. Over the same period, smolt run-timing across the geographic range has been occurring earlier, at a rate of almost three days per decade, on average. This has given rise to growing concerns about smolts potentially missing the optimum environmental migration “window”, the timing of which may also be changing. Contaminants and other factors operating in freshwater also impact on smolt quality with adverse consequences for their physiological readiness for life at sea. Given that managers have very limited ability to influence the broad scale factors limiting salmon survival at sea, it is vital that freshwater habitats are managed to both maximise smolt output and to minimise the impact of factors acting in freshwater which may compromise salmon once they migrate to sea. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David |
author_facet |
Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David |
author_sort |
Russell, Ian |
title |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_short |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_full |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_fullStr |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_sort |
influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/e8085e38-7d2f-472c-afba-f80d288b6793 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2603/1/Russell_et_al_2012.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Russell , I , Aprahamian , M , Barry , J , Davidson , I , Fiske , P , Ibbotson , A , Kennedy , R , Maclean , J , Moore , A , Otero , J , Potter , T & Todd , C D 2012 , ' The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival ' , ICES Journal of Marine Science , vol. 69 , no. 9 , pp. 1563-1573 . https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 |
container_title |
ICES Journal of Marine Science |
container_volume |
69 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1563 |
op_container_end_page |
1573 |
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1812812090726940672 |