A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations
Investigations of communication systems benefit from concurrent observation of vocal and visible behaviors of individual animals. A device has been developed to identify individual vocalizing resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) during focal behavioral observations. The device consists of a 2-m, 15...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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1998
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Online Access: | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/a-small-towed-beamforming-array-to-identify-vocalizing-resident-killer-whales-orcinus-orca-concurrent-with-focal-behavioral-observations(cd484512-ef65-4b5b-b1db-326541220d35).html https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00028-9 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032125361&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/cd484512-ef65-4b5b-b1db-326541220d35 2024-06-23T07:54:22+00:00 A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations Miller, Patrick Tyack, Peter Lloyd 1998-07 https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/a-small-towed-beamforming-array-to-identify-vocalizing-resident-killer-whales-orcinus-orca-concurrent-with-focal-behavioral-observations(cd484512-ef65-4b5b-b1db-326541220d35).html https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00028-9 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032125361&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/a-small-towed-beamforming-array-to-identify-vocalizing-resident-killer-whales-orcinus-orca-concurrent-with-focal-behavioral-observations(cd484512-ef65-4b5b-b1db-326541220d35).html info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Miller , P & Tyack , P L 1998 , ' A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations ' , Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography , vol. 45 , no. 7 , pp. 1389-1405 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00028-9 SIGNATURE WHISTLES BRITISH-COLUMBIA DOLPHINS LOCALIZATION UNDERWATER SOUND article 1998 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00028-9 2024-06-13T00:18:44Z Investigations of communication systems benefit from concurrent observation of vocal and visible behaviors of individual animals. A device has been developed to identify individual vocalizing resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) during focal behavioral observations. The device consists of a 2-m, 15-element hydrophone array, which is easily towed behind a small vessel, on-board multi-channel recorders, and real-time signal processing equipment. Acoustic data from the hydrophones are digitized and processed using broadband frequency-domain beamforming to yield frequency-azimuth (FRAZ) and "directo-gram" displays of arriving sounds. Based upon statistical analysis of independent portions of typical killer whale calls, the precision of the angle-of-arrival estimate ranges from +/-0 degrees to +/-2.5 degrees with a mean precision of +/-1.5 degrees. Echolocation clicks also are resolved precisely with a typical -6 dB mainlobe width of +/-2.0 degrees. Careful positioning of the array relative to the animals minimizes the effects of depth ambiguities and allows identification of individual sources in many circumstances. Several strategies for identifying vocalizing individuals are discussed and an example of a successful identification is described. Use of the array with resident killer whales did not interfere with vessel maneuverability, animal tracking, or behavioral sampling of focal individuals. This localization technique has promise for advancing the abilities of researchers to conduct unbiased behavioral and acoustic sampling of individual free-ranging cetaceans. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale University of St Andrews: Research Portal Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 45 7 1389 1405 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
SIGNATURE WHISTLES BRITISH-COLUMBIA DOLPHINS LOCALIZATION UNDERWATER SOUND |
spellingShingle |
SIGNATURE WHISTLES BRITISH-COLUMBIA DOLPHINS LOCALIZATION UNDERWATER SOUND Miller, Patrick Tyack, Peter Lloyd A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations |
topic_facet |
SIGNATURE WHISTLES BRITISH-COLUMBIA DOLPHINS LOCALIZATION UNDERWATER SOUND |
description |
Investigations of communication systems benefit from concurrent observation of vocal and visible behaviors of individual animals. A device has been developed to identify individual vocalizing resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) during focal behavioral observations. The device consists of a 2-m, 15-element hydrophone array, which is easily towed behind a small vessel, on-board multi-channel recorders, and real-time signal processing equipment. Acoustic data from the hydrophones are digitized and processed using broadband frequency-domain beamforming to yield frequency-azimuth (FRAZ) and "directo-gram" displays of arriving sounds. Based upon statistical analysis of independent portions of typical killer whale calls, the precision of the angle-of-arrival estimate ranges from +/-0 degrees to +/-2.5 degrees with a mean precision of +/-1.5 degrees. Echolocation clicks also are resolved precisely with a typical -6 dB mainlobe width of +/-2.0 degrees. Careful positioning of the array relative to the animals minimizes the effects of depth ambiguities and allows identification of individual sources in many circumstances. Several strategies for identifying vocalizing individuals are discussed and an example of a successful identification is described. Use of the array with resident killer whales did not interfere with vessel maneuverability, animal tracking, or behavioral sampling of focal individuals. This localization technique has promise for advancing the abilities of researchers to conduct unbiased behavioral and acoustic sampling of individual free-ranging cetaceans. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Miller, Patrick Tyack, Peter Lloyd |
author_facet |
Miller, Patrick Tyack, Peter Lloyd |
author_sort |
Miller, Patrick |
title |
A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations |
title_short |
A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations |
title_full |
A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations |
title_fullStr |
A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations |
title_sort |
small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations |
publishDate |
1998 |
url |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/a-small-towed-beamforming-array-to-identify-vocalizing-resident-killer-whales-orcinus-orca-concurrent-with-focal-behavioral-observations(cd484512-ef65-4b5b-b1db-326541220d35).html https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00028-9 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032125361&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_source |
Miller , P & Tyack , P L 1998 , ' A small towed beamforming array to identify vocalizing resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) concurrent with focal behavioral observations ' , Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography , vol. 45 , no. 7 , pp. 1389-1405 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00028-9 |
op_relation |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/a-small-towed-beamforming-array-to-identify-vocalizing-resident-killer-whales-orcinus-orca-concurrent-with-focal-behavioral-observations(cd484512-ef65-4b5b-b1db-326541220d35).html |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00028-9 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
45 |
container_issue |
7 |
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1389 |
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1405 |
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