Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review
Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physio...
Published in: | Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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2015
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Online Access: | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/c58e4a4d-55ec-4379-ae28-2e1a8bacaf9e https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/7295/1/Thorstad_et_al_2015_AEI.pdf |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/c58e4a4d-55ec-4379-ae28-2e1a8bacaf9e 2024-10-13T14:06:08+00:00 Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review Thorstad, Eva Todd, Christopher David Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjorn, Paal Arne Gargan, Patrick Vollset, Knut Halttunen, Elina Kalas, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt 2015-08-20 application/pdf https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/c58e4a4d-55ec-4379-ae28-2e1a8bacaf9e https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/7295/1/Thorstad_et_al_2015_AEI.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Thorstad , E , Todd , C D , Uglem , I , Bjorn , P A , Gargan , P , Vollset , K , Halttunen , E , Kalas , S , Berg , M & Finstad , B 2015 , ' Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review ' , Aquaculture Environment Interactions , vol. 7 , no. 2 , pp. 91-113 . https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis Sea trout Salmo trutta Parasite Aquaculture Salmon farming article 2015 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 2024-09-26T14:11:27Z Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physiological stress, anaemia, reduced feeding and growth, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, reduced disease resistance and ultimately mortality of individual sea trout. Wild sea trout in farm-free areas generally show low lice levels. In farm-intensive areas, lice levels on wild sea trout are typically higher, and more variable than in farm-free areas. Lice on wild sea trout are found at elevated levels particularly within 30 km of the nearest farms but can also extend to further ranges. Salmon lice in intensively farmed areas have negatively impacted wild sea trout populations by reducing growth and increasing marine mortality. Quantification of these impacts remains a challenge, although population-level effects have been quantified in Atlantic salmon by comparing the survival of chemically protected fish with control groups, which are relevant also for sea trout. Mortality attributable to salmon lice can lead to an average of 12−29% fewer salmon spawners. Reduced growth and increased mortality will reduce the benefits of marine migration for sea trout, and may also result in selection against anadromy in areas with high lice levels. Salmon lice-induced effects on sea trout populations may also extend to altered genetic composition and reduced diversity, and possibly to the local loss of sea trout, and establishment of exclusively freshwater resident populations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon University of St Andrews: Research Portal Aquaculture Environment Interactions 7 2 91 113 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis Sea trout Salmo trutta Parasite Aquaculture Salmon farming |
spellingShingle |
Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis Sea trout Salmo trutta Parasite Aquaculture Salmon farming Thorstad, Eva Todd, Christopher David Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjorn, Paal Arne Gargan, Patrick Vollset, Knut Halttunen, Elina Kalas, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review |
topic_facet |
Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis Sea trout Salmo trutta Parasite Aquaculture Salmon farming |
description |
Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physiological stress, anaemia, reduced feeding and growth, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, reduced disease resistance and ultimately mortality of individual sea trout. Wild sea trout in farm-free areas generally show low lice levels. In farm-intensive areas, lice levels on wild sea trout are typically higher, and more variable than in farm-free areas. Lice on wild sea trout are found at elevated levels particularly within 30 km of the nearest farms but can also extend to further ranges. Salmon lice in intensively farmed areas have negatively impacted wild sea trout populations by reducing growth and increasing marine mortality. Quantification of these impacts remains a challenge, although population-level effects have been quantified in Atlantic salmon by comparing the survival of chemically protected fish with control groups, which are relevant also for sea trout. Mortality attributable to salmon lice can lead to an average of 12−29% fewer salmon spawners. Reduced growth and increased mortality will reduce the benefits of marine migration for sea trout, and may also result in selection against anadromy in areas with high lice levels. Salmon lice-induced effects on sea trout populations may also extend to altered genetic composition and reduced diversity, and possibly to the local loss of sea trout, and establishment of exclusively freshwater resident populations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Thorstad, Eva Todd, Christopher David Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjorn, Paal Arne Gargan, Patrick Vollset, Knut Halttunen, Elina Kalas, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt |
author_facet |
Thorstad, Eva Todd, Christopher David Uglem, Ingebrigt Bjorn, Paal Arne Gargan, Patrick Vollset, Knut Halttunen, Elina Kalas, Steinar Berg, Marius Finstad, Bengt |
author_sort |
Thorstad, Eva |
title |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review |
title_short |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review |
title_full |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review |
title_fullStr |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review |
title_sort |
effects of salmon lice lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout salmo trutta – a literature review |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/c58e4a4d-55ec-4379-ae28-2e1a8bacaf9e https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/7295/1/Thorstad_et_al_2015_AEI.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Thorstad , E , Todd , C D , Uglem , I , Bjorn , P A , Gargan , P , Vollset , K , Halttunen , E , Kalas , S , Berg , M & Finstad , B 2015 , ' Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta – a literature review ' , Aquaculture Environment Interactions , vol. 7 , no. 2 , pp. 91-113 . https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00142 |
container_title |
Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
91 |
op_container_end_page |
113 |
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1812812193979170816 |