What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?
In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO 4 * we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the...
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Online Access: | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/what-fraction-of-the-pacific-and-indian-oceans-deep-water-is-formed-in-the-southern-ocean(b74a3bec-56cf-4311-8dec-47f65ab44437).html https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/14438/1/Rae_2018_Biogeosci_deepwater_CC.pdf |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/b74a3bec-56cf-4311-8dec-47f65ab44437 2024-06-23T07:45:56+00:00 What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? Rae, James W. B. Broecker, Wally 2018-06-21 application/pdf https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/what-fraction-of-the-pacific-and-indian-oceans-deep-water-is-formed-in-the-southern-ocean(b74a3bec-56cf-4311-8dec-47f65ab44437).html https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/14438/1/Rae_2018_Biogeosci_deepwater_CC.pdf eng eng https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/what-fraction-of-the-pacific-and-indian-oceans-deep-water-is-formed-in-the-southern-ocean(b74a3bec-56cf-4311-8dec-47f65ab44437).html info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Rae , J W B & Broecker , W 2018 , ' What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? ' , Biogeosciences , vol. 15 , pp. 3779-3794 . https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 article 2018 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 2024-06-13T01:00:57Z In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO 4 * we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to 75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume of water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep water formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utility of PO 4 * as a tracer of deep water masses, including descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep ocean mixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean University of St Andrews: Research Portal Antarctic Indian Pacific Southern Ocean Biogeosciences 15 12 3779 3794 |
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Open Polar |
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University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
description |
In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO 4 * we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to 75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume of water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep water formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utility of PO 4 * as a tracer of deep water masses, including descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep ocean mixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rae, James W. B. Broecker, Wally |
spellingShingle |
Rae, James W. B. Broecker, Wally What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
author_facet |
Rae, James W. B. Broecker, Wally |
author_sort |
Rae, James W. B. |
title |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_short |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_full |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_fullStr |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_full_unstemmed |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_sort |
what fraction of the pacific and indian oceans' deep water is formed in the southern ocean? |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/what-fraction-of-the-pacific-and-indian-oceans-deep-water-is-formed-in-the-southern-ocean(b74a3bec-56cf-4311-8dec-47f65ab44437).html https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/14438/1/Rae_2018_Biogeosci_deepwater_CC.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Rae , J W B & Broecker , W 2018 , ' What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? ' , Biogeosciences , vol. 15 , pp. 3779-3794 . https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 |
op_relation |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/what-fraction-of-the-pacific-and-indian-oceans-deep-water-is-formed-in-the-southern-ocean(b74a3bec-56cf-4311-8dec-47f65ab44437).html |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 |
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Biogeosciences |
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15 |
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12 |
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3779 |
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3794 |
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