B(OH) 4 - and CO 3 2- do not compete for incorporation into aragonite in synthetic precipitations at pH total 8.20 and 8.41 but do compete at pH total 8.59

• Published in: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• Main Authors: Castillo Alvarez, Maria Cristina, Penkman, Kirsty, Kroger, Roland, Finch, Adrian Anthony, Clog, Matthieu, Hathorne, Ed, Allison, Nicola
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2024
• Subjects: CaCO3-; B(OH)4–; Boron geochemistry; Coral; Biomineralisation; Aragonite precipitation; Amino acids; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/publications/a45bab1b-59f6-4c3e-9ed1-1273dbb0834f; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.06.036; https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/30112/1/Alvarez_2024_GeoCosActa_arogonite_CC.pdf

Coral skeletal B/Ca (effectively B/CO 3 2– ), in combination with boron isotopic composition (δ 11 B), has been used to reconstruct the dissolved inorganic carbon chemistry of coral calcification media and to explore the biomineralisation process and its response to ocean acidification. This approach assumes that B(OH) 4 − , the B species incorporated into aragonite, competes with dissolved inorganic carbon species for inclusion in the mineral lattice. In this study we precipitated aragonite from seawater in vitro under conditions that simulate the compositions of the calcification media used to build tropical coral skeletons. To deconvolve the effects of pH and [CO 3 2– ] on boron incorporation we conducted multiple experiments at constant [CO 3 2– ] but variable pH and at constant pH but variable [CO 3 2– ], both in the absence and presence of common coral skeletal amino acids. Large changes in solution [CO 3 2– ], from < 400 to >1000 µmol kg −1 , or in precipitation rate, have no significant effect on aragonite B/Ca at pH total of 8.20 and 8.41. A significant inverse relationship is observed between solution [CO 3 2– ] and aragonite B/Ca at pH total = 8.59. Aragonite B/Ca is positively correlated with seawater pH across precipitations conducted at multiple pH but this relationship is driven by the effect of pH on the abundance of B(OH) 4 – in seawater. Glutamic acid and glycine enhance the incorporation of B in aragonite but aspartic acid has no measurable effect. Normalising aragonite B/Ca to solution [B(OH) 4 – ] creates K D B(OH)4− which do not vary significantly between pH treatments. This implies that B(OH) 4 – and CO 3 2– do not compete with each other for inclusion in the aragonite lattice at pH total 8.20 and 8.41. Only at high pH (8.59), when [B(OH) 4 – ] is high, do we observe evidence to suggest that the 2 anions compete to be incorporated into the lattice. These high pH conditions represent the uppermost limits reliably measured in the calcification media of tropical corals cultured under ...