Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins
Penguins are major consumers in the marine environment. However, like many top predators, very little information exists on their foraging behaviour outside the breeding season. We investigated the foraging behaviour of the macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus continuously for 2 consecutive years,...
Published in: | Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2005
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Online Access: | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/behavioural-flexibility-during-yearround-foraging-in-macaroni-penguins(9a2ebe50-e6b3-495d-a429-6faa2d90c352).html https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296183 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=23744435809&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/9a2ebe50-e6b3-495d-a429-6faa2d90c352 2024-06-23T07:46:54+00:00 Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins Green, J A Boyd, Ian Lamont Woakes, A J Warren, N L Butler, P J 2005 https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/behavioural-flexibility-during-yearround-foraging-in-macaroni-penguins(9a2ebe50-e6b3-495d-a429-6faa2d90c352).html https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296183 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=23744435809&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/behavioural-flexibility-during-yearround-foraging-in-macaroni-penguins(9a2ebe50-e6b3-495d-a429-6faa2d90c352).html info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Green , J A , Boyd , I L , Woakes , A J , Warren , N L & Butler , P J 2005 , ' Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins ' , Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol. 296 , pp. 183-196 . https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296183 behavioural plasticity penguin southern ocean diving behaviour Eudyptes chrysolophus ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS BREEDING ROYAL-PENGUINS DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION EUDYPTES-CHRYSOLOPHUS DIVING BEHAVIOR SOUTH GEORGIA KING PENGUINS ADELIE PENGUINS ROCKHOPPER PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-MAGELLANICUS article 2005 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296183 2024-06-13T00:16:28Z Penguins are major consumers in the marine environment. However, like many top predators, very little information exists on their foraging behaviour outside the breeding season. We investigated the foraging behaviour of the macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus continuously for 2 consecutive years, from the end of December 2001. This allowed us to investigate whether foraging behaviour varied between sexes, years or phases of the annual cycle. Male penguins tended to dive deeper and longer than female penguins, but at a lower frequency, probably as a result of their larger body size. There was little variation in foraging behaviour between the 2 years studied, although neither year included a notable period of low Antarctic krill abundance. Diving behaviour varied substantially within years and general linear models were used to investigate this variability. In summary, all penguins tended to dive deeper, longer and more efficiently during their winter migration than during the summer breeding season. The penguins dived predominantly during daylight hours at all times of the year, but appeared to be more constrained by daylight during the short winter days. Several diving variables including dive duration, dive rate and amount of time spent diving were significantly related to day length and these associations were stronger during winter than summer. The macaroni penguin shows flexibility in its foraging behaviour as it adapts to differing constraints and challenges during its annual cycle. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seals Antarctic Krill Eudyptes chrysolophus King Penguins Macaroni penguin Southern Ocean University of St Andrews: Research Portal Antarctic Southern Ocean Marine Ecology Progress Series 296 183 196 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
behavioural plasticity penguin southern ocean diving behaviour Eudyptes chrysolophus ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS BREEDING ROYAL-PENGUINS DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION EUDYPTES-CHRYSOLOPHUS DIVING BEHAVIOR SOUTH GEORGIA KING PENGUINS ADELIE PENGUINS ROCKHOPPER PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-MAGELLANICUS |
spellingShingle |
behavioural plasticity penguin southern ocean diving behaviour Eudyptes chrysolophus ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS BREEDING ROYAL-PENGUINS DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION EUDYPTES-CHRYSOLOPHUS DIVING BEHAVIOR SOUTH GEORGIA KING PENGUINS ADELIE PENGUINS ROCKHOPPER PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-MAGELLANICUS Green, J A Boyd, Ian Lamont Woakes, A J Warren, N L Butler, P J Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins |
topic_facet |
behavioural plasticity penguin southern ocean diving behaviour Eudyptes chrysolophus ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS BREEDING ROYAL-PENGUINS DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION EUDYPTES-CHRYSOLOPHUS DIVING BEHAVIOR SOUTH GEORGIA KING PENGUINS ADELIE PENGUINS ROCKHOPPER PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-MAGELLANICUS |
description |
Penguins are major consumers in the marine environment. However, like many top predators, very little information exists on their foraging behaviour outside the breeding season. We investigated the foraging behaviour of the macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus continuously for 2 consecutive years, from the end of December 2001. This allowed us to investigate whether foraging behaviour varied between sexes, years or phases of the annual cycle. Male penguins tended to dive deeper and longer than female penguins, but at a lower frequency, probably as a result of their larger body size. There was little variation in foraging behaviour between the 2 years studied, although neither year included a notable period of low Antarctic krill abundance. Diving behaviour varied substantially within years and general linear models were used to investigate this variability. In summary, all penguins tended to dive deeper, longer and more efficiently during their winter migration than during the summer breeding season. The penguins dived predominantly during daylight hours at all times of the year, but appeared to be more constrained by daylight during the short winter days. Several diving variables including dive duration, dive rate and amount of time spent diving were significantly related to day length and these associations were stronger during winter than summer. The macaroni penguin shows flexibility in its foraging behaviour as it adapts to differing constraints and challenges during its annual cycle. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Green, J A Boyd, Ian Lamont Woakes, A J Warren, N L Butler, P J |
author_facet |
Green, J A Boyd, Ian Lamont Woakes, A J Warren, N L Butler, P J |
author_sort |
Green, J A |
title |
Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins |
title_short |
Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins |
title_full |
Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins |
title_fullStr |
Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins |
title_sort |
behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/behavioural-flexibility-during-yearround-foraging-in-macaroni-penguins(9a2ebe50-e6b3-495d-a429-6faa2d90c352).html https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296183 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=23744435809&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seals Antarctic Krill Eudyptes chrysolophus King Penguins Macaroni penguin Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seals Antarctic Krill Eudyptes chrysolophus King Penguins Macaroni penguin Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Green , J A , Boyd , I L , Woakes , A J , Warren , N L & Butler , P J 2005 , ' Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins ' , Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol. 296 , pp. 183-196 . https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296183 |
op_relation |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/behavioural-flexibility-during-yearround-foraging-in-macaroni-penguins(9a2ebe50-e6b3-495d-a429-6faa2d90c352).html |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296183 |
container_title |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
container_volume |
296 |
container_start_page |
183 |
op_container_end_page |
196 |
_version_ |
1802649138118000640 |