Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions
Extratropical volcanic eruptions are commonly thought to be less effective at driving large-scale surface cooling than tropical eruptions. However, recent minor extratropical eruptions have produced a measurable climate impact, and proxy records suggest that the most extreme Northern Hemisphere cold...
Published in: | Nature Geoscience |
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Online Access: | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/disproportionately-strong-climate-forcing-from-extratropical-explosive-volcanic-eruptions(7c7485b2-8312-4775-8983-3a955ac78a04).html https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/18187/1/Toohey_et_al_Disproportionately_final.pdf |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/7c7485b2-8312-4775-8983-3a955ac78a04 2024-06-23T07:53:43+00:00 Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions Toohey, Matthew Krüger, Kirstin Schmidt, Hauke Timmreck, Claudia Sigl, Michael Stoffel, Markus Wilson, Rob 2019-02 application/pdf https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/disproportionately-strong-climate-forcing-from-extratropical-explosive-volcanic-eruptions(7c7485b2-8312-4775-8983-3a955ac78a04).html https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/18187/1/Toohey_et_al_Disproportionately_final.pdf eng eng https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/disproportionately-strong-climate-forcing-from-extratropical-explosive-volcanic-eruptions(7c7485b2-8312-4775-8983-3a955ac78a04).html info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Toohey , M , Krüger , K , Schmidt , H , Timmreck , C , Sigl , M , Stoffel , M & Wilson , R 2019 , ' Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions ' , Nature Geoscience , vol. 12 , no. 2 , pp. 100-107 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2 article 2019 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2 2024-06-13T01:05:10Z Extratropical volcanic eruptions are commonly thought to be less effective at driving large-scale surface cooling than tropical eruptions. However, recent minor extratropical eruptions have produced a measurable climate impact, and proxy records suggest that the most extreme Northern Hemisphere cold period of the Common Era was initiated by an extratropical eruption in 536 ce. Using ice-core-derived volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and Northern Hemisphere summer temperature reconstructions from tree rings, we show here that in proportion to their estimated stratospheric sulfur injection, extratropical explosive eruptions since 750 ce have produced stronger hemispheric cooling than tropical eruptions. Stratospheric aerosol simulations demonstrate that for eruptions with a sulfur injection magnitude and height equal to that of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, extratropical eruptions produce time-integrated radiative forcing anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics up to 80% greater than tropical eruptions, as decreases in aerosol lifetime are overwhelmed by the enhanced radiative impact associated with the relative confinement of aerosol to a single hemisphere. The model results are consistent with the temperature reconstructions, and elucidate how the radiative forcing produced by extratropical eruptions is strongly dependent on the eruption season and sulfur injection height within the stratosphere. Article in Journal/Newspaper ice core University of St Andrews: Research Portal Nature Geoscience 12 2 100 107 |
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University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
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ftunstandrewcris |
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English |
description |
Extratropical volcanic eruptions are commonly thought to be less effective at driving large-scale surface cooling than tropical eruptions. However, recent minor extratropical eruptions have produced a measurable climate impact, and proxy records suggest that the most extreme Northern Hemisphere cold period of the Common Era was initiated by an extratropical eruption in 536 ce. Using ice-core-derived volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and Northern Hemisphere summer temperature reconstructions from tree rings, we show here that in proportion to their estimated stratospheric sulfur injection, extratropical explosive eruptions since 750 ce have produced stronger hemispheric cooling than tropical eruptions. Stratospheric aerosol simulations demonstrate that for eruptions with a sulfur injection magnitude and height equal to that of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, extratropical eruptions produce time-integrated radiative forcing anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics up to 80% greater than tropical eruptions, as decreases in aerosol lifetime are overwhelmed by the enhanced radiative impact associated with the relative confinement of aerosol to a single hemisphere. The model results are consistent with the temperature reconstructions, and elucidate how the radiative forcing produced by extratropical eruptions is strongly dependent on the eruption season and sulfur injection height within the stratosphere. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Toohey, Matthew Krüger, Kirstin Schmidt, Hauke Timmreck, Claudia Sigl, Michael Stoffel, Markus Wilson, Rob |
spellingShingle |
Toohey, Matthew Krüger, Kirstin Schmidt, Hauke Timmreck, Claudia Sigl, Michael Stoffel, Markus Wilson, Rob Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions |
author_facet |
Toohey, Matthew Krüger, Kirstin Schmidt, Hauke Timmreck, Claudia Sigl, Michael Stoffel, Markus Wilson, Rob |
author_sort |
Toohey, Matthew |
title |
Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions |
title_short |
Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions |
title_full |
Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions |
title_fullStr |
Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions |
title_sort |
disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/disproportionately-strong-climate-forcing-from-extratropical-explosive-volcanic-eruptions(7c7485b2-8312-4775-8983-3a955ac78a04).html https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2 https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/18187/1/Toohey_et_al_Disproportionately_final.pdf |
genre |
ice core |
genre_facet |
ice core |
op_source |
Toohey , M , Krüger , K , Schmidt , H , Timmreck , C , Sigl , M , Stoffel , M & Wilson , R 2019 , ' Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions ' , Nature Geoscience , vol. 12 , no. 2 , pp. 100-107 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2 |
op_relation |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/disproportionately-strong-climate-forcing-from-extratropical-explosive-volcanic-eruptions(7c7485b2-8312-4775-8983-3a955ac78a04).html |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2 |
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Nature Geoscience |
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container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
100 |
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