Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment
At an experimental site near sea level in Scotland, a miniature sorted net with cell diameters of 56-172 mm and stony borders 4-9 cm deep developed in frost-susceptible regolith over two winters. Pattern formation was evident after only 8 freeze-thaw cycles, during which the minimum surface temperat...
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1996
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Online Access: | https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/formation-of-miniature-sorted-patterns-by-shallow-ground-freezing(4672934f-0f45-420a-9ff7-1251fd43071f).html https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199610)7:4%3C409::AID-PPP230%3E3.3.CO;2-V http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0000034412&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunstandrewcris:oai:research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk:publications/4672934f-0f45-420a-9ff7-1251fd43071f 2024-06-23T07:56:10+00:00 Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment Ballantyne, Colin Kerr 1996-10 https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/formation-of-miniature-sorted-patterns-by-shallow-ground-freezing(4672934f-0f45-420a-9ff7-1251fd43071f).html https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199610)7:4%3C409::AID-PPP230%3E3.3.CO;2-V http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0000034412&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/formation-of-miniature-sorted-patterns-by-shallow-ground-freezing(4672934f-0f45-420a-9ff7-1251fd43071f).html info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Ballantyne , C K 1996 , ' Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing : a field experiment ' , Permafrost and Periglacial Processes , vol. 7 , no. 4 , pp. 409-424 . https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199610)7:4%3C409::AID-PPP230%3E3.3.CO;2-V patterned ground sorted net field experiment needle ice ground freezing SOIL article 1996 ftunstandrewcris https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199610)7:4%3C409::AID-PPP230%3E3.3.CO;2-V 2024-06-13T00:10:12Z At an experimental site near sea level in Scotland, a miniature sorted net with cell diameters of 56-172 mm and stony borders 4-9 cm deep developed in frost-susceptible regolith over two winters. Pattern formation was evident after only 8 freeze-thaw cycles, during which the minimum surface temperature was -5.3 degrees C and freezing extended to a maximum depth of 16-17 cm. The primary process of pattern development was repeated differential growth of near-surface needle ice, causing updoming of a cover of coarse debris. During subsequent thaw, bending and melting of ice needles resulted in net migration of upheaved clasts towards dome margins, causing progressive concentration of clasts in stony borders surrounding finer cells. This differentiation of near-surface soil texture appears self-sustaining, promoting preferential growth of ice lenses and thus preferential heave in fine cells. The experiment suggests that miniature frost-sorted patterns are not necessarily diagnostic of present or former periglacial environments, but may develop on unvegetated soil of suitable composition in a wide range of mid- or even low-latitude environments where shallow ground freezing is accompanied by the growth of needle ice. Article in Journal/Newspaper Permafrost and Periglacial Processes University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftunstandrewcris |
language |
English |
topic |
patterned ground sorted net field experiment needle ice ground freezing SOIL |
spellingShingle |
patterned ground sorted net field experiment needle ice ground freezing SOIL Ballantyne, Colin Kerr Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment |
topic_facet |
patterned ground sorted net field experiment needle ice ground freezing SOIL |
description |
At an experimental site near sea level in Scotland, a miniature sorted net with cell diameters of 56-172 mm and stony borders 4-9 cm deep developed in frost-susceptible regolith over two winters. Pattern formation was evident after only 8 freeze-thaw cycles, during which the minimum surface temperature was -5.3 degrees C and freezing extended to a maximum depth of 16-17 cm. The primary process of pattern development was repeated differential growth of near-surface needle ice, causing updoming of a cover of coarse debris. During subsequent thaw, bending and melting of ice needles resulted in net migration of upheaved clasts towards dome margins, causing progressive concentration of clasts in stony borders surrounding finer cells. This differentiation of near-surface soil texture appears self-sustaining, promoting preferential growth of ice lenses and thus preferential heave in fine cells. The experiment suggests that miniature frost-sorted patterns are not necessarily diagnostic of present or former periglacial environments, but may develop on unvegetated soil of suitable composition in a wide range of mid- or even low-latitude environments where shallow ground freezing is accompanied by the growth of needle ice. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ballantyne, Colin Kerr |
author_facet |
Ballantyne, Colin Kerr |
author_sort |
Ballantyne, Colin Kerr |
title |
Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment |
title_short |
Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment |
title_full |
Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment |
title_fullStr |
Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment |
title_sort |
formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing:a field experiment |
publishDate |
1996 |
url |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/formation-of-miniature-sorted-patterns-by-shallow-ground-freezing(4672934f-0f45-420a-9ff7-1251fd43071f).html https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199610)7:4%3C409::AID-PPP230%3E3.3.CO;2-V http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0000034412&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
genre |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
genre_facet |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
op_source |
Ballantyne , C K 1996 , ' Formation of miniature sorted patterns by shallow ground freezing : a field experiment ' , Permafrost and Periglacial Processes , vol. 7 , no. 4 , pp. 409-424 . https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199610)7:4%3C409::AID-PPP230%3E3.3.CO;2-V |
op_relation |
https://research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk/en/researchoutput/formation-of-miniature-sorted-patterns-by-shallow-ground-freezing(4672934f-0f45-420a-9ff7-1251fd43071f).html |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199610)7:4%3C409::AID-PPP230%3E3.3.CO;2-V |
_version_ |
1802649087831441408 |