Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) operation can be affected by several environmental factors, of which ionospheric scintillation is one of the most significant. Scintillation is usually characterized by two indices, namely the amplitude scintillation index (S4) and phase scintillation index...
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Online Access: | http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/1/LiEtAl20a.pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102877 |
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ftunottingham:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:61541 2023-09-05T13:13:34+02:00 Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI Li, Chendong Craig, Craig M. Hamm, Nicholas A. S. Veettil, Sreeja V. You, Chong 2020-05-19 application/pdf http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/1/LiEtAl20a.pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102877 en eng MDPI https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/1/LiEtAl20a.pdf Li, Chendong and Craig, Craig M. and Hamm, Nicholas A. S. and Veettil, Sreeja V. and You, Chong (2020) Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI. Sensors, 20 (10). ISSN 1424-8220 doi:10.3390/s20102877 cc_by Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftunottingham https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102877 2023-08-14T17:46:55Z Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) operation can be affected by several environmental factors, of which ionospheric scintillation is one of the most significant. Scintillation is usually characterized by two indices, namely the amplitude scintillation index (S4) and phase scintillation index (σφ). However, these two indices can only be generated by specialized GNSS receivers, which are not widely available all around the world. To popularize the study of scintillation, this article proposes to use more accessible parameters, namely multipath (MP) and rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI), to characterize scintillation. Using GPS data obtained on six days in total from three stations, namely PRU2 and SAO0P located in Sao Paulo, Brazil and SNA0P located in Antarctica, respectively, both the time series plots and 2D maps were generated to investigate the relationship of scintillation indices (S4 and σφ) with MP and ROTI. To prevent the effect of the real multipath error, a 30-degree satellite elevation mask is applied to all the data. As the scintillation indices S4 and σφ have a sampling interval of 1 min, MP and ROTI are calculated with the same sampling interval for a more direct comparison. The results show that the structural similarity (SSIM) and correlation coefficient (CC) between parameters was greater than 0.7 for 70% of outputs. In addition, the variogram and cross-variogram are applied to investigate the spatial structure of the MP, ROTI, S4 and σφ in order to support the results of SSIM and CC. With outputs in three forms, promising spatial and temporal relationships between parameters was observed. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica The University of Nottingham: Nottingham ePrints Sensors 20 10 2877 |
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The University of Nottingham: Nottingham ePrints |
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ftunottingham |
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English |
description |
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) operation can be affected by several environmental factors, of which ionospheric scintillation is one of the most significant. Scintillation is usually characterized by two indices, namely the amplitude scintillation index (S4) and phase scintillation index (σφ). However, these two indices can only be generated by specialized GNSS receivers, which are not widely available all around the world. To popularize the study of scintillation, this article proposes to use more accessible parameters, namely multipath (MP) and rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI), to characterize scintillation. Using GPS data obtained on six days in total from three stations, namely PRU2 and SAO0P located in Sao Paulo, Brazil and SNA0P located in Antarctica, respectively, both the time series plots and 2D maps were generated to investigate the relationship of scintillation indices (S4 and σφ) with MP and ROTI. To prevent the effect of the real multipath error, a 30-degree satellite elevation mask is applied to all the data. As the scintillation indices S4 and σφ have a sampling interval of 1 min, MP and ROTI are calculated with the same sampling interval for a more direct comparison. The results show that the structural similarity (SSIM) and correlation coefficient (CC) between parameters was greater than 0.7 for 70% of outputs. In addition, the variogram and cross-variogram are applied to investigate the spatial structure of the MP, ROTI, S4 and σφ in order to support the results of SSIM and CC. With outputs in three forms, promising spatial and temporal relationships between parameters was observed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Li, Chendong Craig, Craig M. Hamm, Nicholas A. S. Veettil, Sreeja V. You, Chong |
spellingShingle |
Li, Chendong Craig, Craig M. Hamm, Nicholas A. S. Veettil, Sreeja V. You, Chong Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI |
author_facet |
Li, Chendong Craig, Craig M. Hamm, Nicholas A. S. Veettil, Sreeja V. You, Chong |
author_sort |
Li, Chendong |
title |
Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI |
title_short |
Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI |
title_full |
Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI |
title_fullStr |
Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI |
title_sort |
analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and roti |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/1/LiEtAl20a.pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102877 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/61541/1/LiEtAl20a.pdf Li, Chendong and Craig, Craig M. and Hamm, Nicholas A. S. and Veettil, Sreeja V. and You, Chong (2020) Analysis of the relationship between scintillation parameters, multipath and ROTI. Sensors, 20 (10). ISSN 1424-8220 doi:10.3390/s20102877 |
op_rights |
cc_by |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102877 |
container_title |
Sensors |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
2877 |
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1776204789818851328 |