The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity
Evidence for climatic change across the North American Monsoon (NAM) and adjacent areas is reviewed, drawing on continental and marine records and the application of climate models. Patterns of change at 12,000, 9000, 6000 and 4000 cal yr BP are presented to capture the nature of change from the You...
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ftunottingham:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:29043 2023-09-05T13:20:20+02:00 The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity Metcalfe, Sarah E. Barron, J.A. Davies, S.J. 2015-05-15 http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29043/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115001468 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004 unknown Elsevier Metcalfe, Sarah E. and Barron, J.A. and Davies, S.J. (2015) The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity. Quaternary Science Reviews, 120 . pp. 1-27. ISSN 0277-3791 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004 Article PeerReviewed 2015 ftunottingham https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004 2023-08-14T17:33:26Z Evidence for climatic change across the North American Monsoon (NAM) and adjacent areas is reviewed, drawing on continental and marine records and the application of climate models. Patterns of change at 12,000, 9000, 6000 and 4000 cal yr BP are presented to capture the nature of change from the Younger Dryas (YD) and through the mid-Holocene. At the YD, conditions were cooler overall, wetter in the north and drier in the south, while moving into the Holocene wetter conditions became established in the south and then spread north as the NAM strengthened. Until c. 8,000 cal yr BP, the Laurentide Ice Sheet influenced precipitation in the north by pushing the Bermuda High further south. The peak extent of the NAM seems to have occurred around 6000 cal yr BP. 4000 cal yr BP marks the start of important changes across the NAM region, with drying in the north and the establishment of the clear differences between the summer-rain dominated south and central areas and the north, where winter rain is more important. This differentiation between south and north is crucial to understanding many climate responses across the NAM. This increasing variability is coincident with the declining influence of orbital forcing. 4000 cal yr BP also marks the onset of significant anthropogenic activity in many areas. For the last 2000 years, the focus is on higher temporal resolution change, with strong variations across the region. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is characterised by centennial scale ‘megadrought’ across the southwest USA, associated with cooler tropical Pacific SSTs and persistent La Niña type conditions. Proxy data from southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean reveal generally wetter conditions, whereas records from the highlands of central Mexico and much of the Yucatan are typified by long -term drought. The Little Ice Age (LIA), in the north, was characterised by cooler, wetter winter conditions that have been linked with increased frequency of El Niño’s. Proxy records in the central and southern ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet The University of Nottingham: Nottingham ePrints Pacific Quaternary Science Reviews 120 1 27 |
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The University of Nottingham: Nottingham ePrints |
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ftunottingham |
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description |
Evidence for climatic change across the North American Monsoon (NAM) and adjacent areas is reviewed, drawing on continental and marine records and the application of climate models. Patterns of change at 12,000, 9000, 6000 and 4000 cal yr BP are presented to capture the nature of change from the Younger Dryas (YD) and through the mid-Holocene. At the YD, conditions were cooler overall, wetter in the north and drier in the south, while moving into the Holocene wetter conditions became established in the south and then spread north as the NAM strengthened. Until c. 8,000 cal yr BP, the Laurentide Ice Sheet influenced precipitation in the north by pushing the Bermuda High further south. The peak extent of the NAM seems to have occurred around 6000 cal yr BP. 4000 cal yr BP marks the start of important changes across the NAM region, with drying in the north and the establishment of the clear differences between the summer-rain dominated south and central areas and the north, where winter rain is more important. This differentiation between south and north is crucial to understanding many climate responses across the NAM. This increasing variability is coincident with the declining influence of orbital forcing. 4000 cal yr BP also marks the onset of significant anthropogenic activity in many areas. For the last 2000 years, the focus is on higher temporal resolution change, with strong variations across the region. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is characterised by centennial scale ‘megadrought’ across the southwest USA, associated with cooler tropical Pacific SSTs and persistent La Niña type conditions. Proxy data from southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean reveal generally wetter conditions, whereas records from the highlands of central Mexico and much of the Yucatan are typified by long -term drought. The Little Ice Age (LIA), in the north, was characterised by cooler, wetter winter conditions that have been linked with increased frequency of El Niño’s. Proxy records in the central and southern ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Metcalfe, Sarah E. Barron, J.A. Davies, S.J. |
spellingShingle |
Metcalfe, Sarah E. Barron, J.A. Davies, S.J. The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity |
author_facet |
Metcalfe, Sarah E. Barron, J.A. Davies, S.J. |
author_sort |
Metcalfe, Sarah E. |
title |
The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity |
title_short |
The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity |
title_full |
The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity |
title_fullStr |
The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity |
title_sort |
holocene history of the north american monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29043/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115001468 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet |
op_relation |
Metcalfe, Sarah E. and Barron, J.A. and Davies, S.J. (2015) The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity. Quaternary Science Reviews, 120 . pp. 1-27. ISSN 0277-3791 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004 |
container_title |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
container_volume |
120 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
27 |
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1776201019925987328 |