Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Mass balance analysis of ice sheets is a key component to understand the effects of global warming with iceberg calving as a significant contributor. Calving recently generated tsunamis of up to 50 m in amplitude endangering human beings and coastal infrastructure. Such iceberg-...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/4745843/1/Large-scale%20investigation%20into%20iceberg-tsunamis%20generated%20by%20various%20iceberg%20calving%20mechanisms https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4745843 |
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ftunnottinghamrr:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:4745843 2023-05-15T16:21:32+02:00 Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms Heller, Valentin Attili, Tommaso Chen, Fan Gabl, Roman Wolters, Guido 2020-06-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/4745843/1/Large-scale%20investigation%20into%20iceberg-tsunamis%20generated%20by%20various%20iceberg%20calving%20mechanisms https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4745843 unknown Elsevier https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4745843 Coastal Engineering Volume 163 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/4745843/1/Large-scale%20investigation%20into%20iceberg-tsunamis%20generated%20by%20various%20iceberg%20calving%20mechanisms 0378-3839 doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 openAccess Greenland Iceberg calving Iceberg-tsunami Impulse wave Landslide-tsunami Outlet glacier Physical modelling Journal Article acceptedVersion 2020 ftunnottinghamrr https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 2022-10-13T22:15:20Z © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Mass balance analysis of ice sheets is a key component to understand the effects of global warming with iceberg calving as a significant contributor. Calving recently generated tsunamis of up to 50 m in amplitude endangering human beings and coastal infrastructure. Such iceberg-tsunamis (IBTs) have been investigated based on 66 unique large-scale experiments conducted in a 50 m × 50 m large basin at constant water depth h. The experiments involved five iceberg calving mechanisms: A: capsizing, B: gravity-dominated fall, C: buoyancy-dominated fall, D: gravity-dominated overturning and E: buoyancy-dominated overturning. The kinematics of the up to 187 kg heavy plastic blocks mimicking icebergs was measured with a motion sensor and the wave profiles were recorded with wave probes at up to 35 locations. The IBTs from the gravity-dominated mechanisms (B and D) are roughly an order of magnitude larger than from mechanisms A, C and E. Empirical equations for preliminary hazard assessment and mitigation for the maximum wave height, amplitude and period for both the near- and far-field are derived for the five calving mechanisms individually and combined. The relative released energy, Froude number and relative iceberg width are the most influential dimensionless parameters in these equations. A maximum wave height decay trend close to (r/h)−1.0 is observed, with r as the radial distance, in agreement with the theoretical wave decay from a point source. The empirical equations are applied to a past event resulting in a good agreement and the upscaled wave periods to typical Greenlandic conditions overlap with the lower spectrum of landslide-tsunamis. However, empirical equations for landslide-tsunamis were found to be of limited use to predict IBTs in the far-field supporting the need of the newly introduced empirical equations for IBT hazard assessment and mitigation. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Greenland greenlandic University of Nottingham: Repository@Nottingham Greenland Coastal Engineering 163 103745 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Nottingham: Repository@Nottingham |
op_collection_id |
ftunnottinghamrr |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Greenland Iceberg calving Iceberg-tsunami Impulse wave Landslide-tsunami Outlet glacier Physical modelling |
spellingShingle |
Greenland Iceberg calving Iceberg-tsunami Impulse wave Landslide-tsunami Outlet glacier Physical modelling Heller, Valentin Attili, Tommaso Chen, Fan Gabl, Roman Wolters, Guido Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms |
topic_facet |
Greenland Iceberg calving Iceberg-tsunami Impulse wave Landslide-tsunami Outlet glacier Physical modelling |
description |
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Mass balance analysis of ice sheets is a key component to understand the effects of global warming with iceberg calving as a significant contributor. Calving recently generated tsunamis of up to 50 m in amplitude endangering human beings and coastal infrastructure. Such iceberg-tsunamis (IBTs) have been investigated based on 66 unique large-scale experiments conducted in a 50 m × 50 m large basin at constant water depth h. The experiments involved five iceberg calving mechanisms: A: capsizing, B: gravity-dominated fall, C: buoyancy-dominated fall, D: gravity-dominated overturning and E: buoyancy-dominated overturning. The kinematics of the up to 187 kg heavy plastic blocks mimicking icebergs was measured with a motion sensor and the wave profiles were recorded with wave probes at up to 35 locations. The IBTs from the gravity-dominated mechanisms (B and D) are roughly an order of magnitude larger than from mechanisms A, C and E. Empirical equations for preliminary hazard assessment and mitigation for the maximum wave height, amplitude and period for both the near- and far-field are derived for the five calving mechanisms individually and combined. The relative released energy, Froude number and relative iceberg width are the most influential dimensionless parameters in these equations. A maximum wave height decay trend close to (r/h)−1.0 is observed, with r as the radial distance, in agreement with the theoretical wave decay from a point source. The empirical equations are applied to a past event resulting in a good agreement and the upscaled wave periods to typical Greenlandic conditions overlap with the lower spectrum of landslide-tsunamis. However, empirical equations for landslide-tsunamis were found to be of limited use to predict IBTs in the far-field supporting the need of the newly introduced empirical equations for IBT hazard assessment and mitigation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Heller, Valentin Attili, Tommaso Chen, Fan Gabl, Roman Wolters, Guido |
author_facet |
Heller, Valentin Attili, Tommaso Chen, Fan Gabl, Roman Wolters, Guido |
author_sort |
Heller, Valentin |
title |
Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_short |
Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_full |
Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_fullStr |
Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_sort |
large-scale investigation into iceberg-tsunamis generated by various iceberg calving mechanisms |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/4745843/1/Large-scale%20investigation%20into%20iceberg-tsunamis%20generated%20by%20various%20iceberg%20calving%20mechanisms https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4745843 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
glacier Greenland greenlandic |
genre_facet |
glacier Greenland greenlandic |
op_relation |
https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4745843 Coastal Engineering Volume 163 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/4745843/1/Large-scale%20investigation%20into%20iceberg-tsunamis%20generated%20by%20various%20iceberg%20calving%20mechanisms 0378-3839 doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 |
op_rights |
openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103745 |
container_title |
Coastal Engineering |
container_volume |
163 |
container_start_page |
103745 |
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1766009547267244032 |