Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in th...
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ftunivzuerich:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:177660 2024-06-23T07:55:11+00:00 Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U Zumbühl, Heinz J Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C 2019-08-01 application/pdf https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/ https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-177660 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y eng eng Nature Publishing Group https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf doi:10.5167/uzh-177660 doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y urn:issn:1752-0894 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U; Zumbühl, Heinz J; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12(8):650-656. Institute of Geography 910 Geography & travel General Earth and Planetary Sciences Journal Article PeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2019 ftunivzuerich https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-17766010.1038/s41561-019-0402-y 2024-06-05T00:24:10Z During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of eruptions in observations, global three-dimensional climate field reconstructions and coupled climate model simulations. All the eruptions were followed by substantial drops of summer temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas. In addition to the direct radiative effect, which lasts 2–3 years, the simulated ocean–atmosphere heat exchange sustained cooling for several years after these eruptions, which affected the slow components of the climate system. Africa was hit by two decades of drought, global monsoons weakened and the tracks of low-pressure systems over the North Atlantic moved south. The low temperatures and increased precipitation in Europe triggered the last phase of the advance of Alpine glaciers. Only after the 1850s did the transition into the period of anthropogenic warming start. We conclude that the end of the Little Ice Age was marked by the recovery from a sequence of volcanic eruptions, which makes it difficult to define a single pre-industrial baseline. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic University of Zurich (UZH): ZORA (Zurich Open Repository and Archive |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Zurich (UZH): ZORA (Zurich Open Repository and Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivzuerich |
language |
English |
topic |
Institute of Geography 910 Geography & travel General Earth and Planetary Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Institute of Geography 910 Geography & travel General Earth and Planetary Sciences Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U Zumbühl, Heinz J Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
topic_facet |
Institute of Geography 910 Geography & travel General Earth and Planetary Sciences |
description |
During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of eruptions in observations, global three-dimensional climate field reconstructions and coupled climate model simulations. All the eruptions were followed by substantial drops of summer temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas. In addition to the direct radiative effect, which lasts 2–3 years, the simulated ocean–atmosphere heat exchange sustained cooling for several years after these eruptions, which affected the slow components of the climate system. Africa was hit by two decades of drought, global monsoons weakened and the tracks of low-pressure systems over the North Atlantic moved south. The low temperatures and increased precipitation in Europe triggered the last phase of the advance of Alpine glaciers. Only after the 1850s did the transition into the period of anthropogenic warming start. We conclude that the end of the Little Ice Age was marked by the recovery from a sequence of volcanic eruptions, which makes it difficult to define a single pre-industrial baseline. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U Zumbühl, Heinz J Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C |
author_facet |
Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U Zumbühl, Heinz J Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C |
author_sort |
Brönnimann, Stefan |
title |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_short |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_full |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_fullStr |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_sort |
last phase of the little ice age forced by volcanic eruptions |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/ https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-177660 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U; Zumbühl, Heinz J; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12(8):650-656. |
op_relation |
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf doi:10.5167/uzh-177660 doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y urn:issn:1752-0894 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-17766010.1038/s41561-019-0402-y |
_version_ |
1802647664045588480 |