Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions

During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in th...

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Main Authors: Brönnimann, Stefan, Franke, Jörg, Nussbaumer, Samuel U, Zumbühl, Heinz J, Steiner, Daniel, Trachsel, Mathias, Hegerl, Gabriele C, Schurer, Andrew, Worni, Matthias, Malik, Abdul, Flückiger, Julian, Raible, Christoph C
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf
https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-177660
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y
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spelling ftunivzuerich:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:177660 2024-06-23T07:55:11+00:00 Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U Zumbühl, Heinz J Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C 2019-08-01 application/pdf https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/ https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-177660 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y eng eng Nature Publishing Group https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf doi:10.5167/uzh-177660 doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y urn:issn:1752-0894 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U; Zumbühl, Heinz J; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12(8):650-656. Institute of Geography 910 Geography & travel General Earth and Planetary Sciences Journal Article PeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2019 ftunivzuerich https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-17766010.1038/s41561-019-0402-y 2024-06-05T00:24:10Z During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of eruptions in observations, global three-dimensional climate field reconstructions and coupled climate model simulations. All the eruptions were followed by substantial drops of summer temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas. In addition to the direct radiative effect, which lasts 2–3 years, the simulated ocean–atmosphere heat exchange sustained cooling for several years after these eruptions, which affected the slow components of the climate system. Africa was hit by two decades of drought, global monsoons weakened and the tracks of low-pressure systems over the North Atlantic moved south. The low temperatures and increased precipitation in Europe triggered the last phase of the advance of Alpine glaciers. Only after the 1850s did the transition into the period of anthropogenic warming start. We conclude that the end of the Little Ice Age was marked by the recovery from a sequence of volcanic eruptions, which makes it difficult to define a single pre-industrial baseline. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic University of Zurich (UZH): ZORA (Zurich Open Repository and Archive
institution Open Polar
collection University of Zurich (UZH): ZORA (Zurich Open Repository and Archive
op_collection_id ftunivzuerich
language English
topic Institute of Geography
910 Geography & travel
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
spellingShingle Institute of Geography
910 Geography & travel
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Brönnimann, Stefan
Franke, Jörg
Nussbaumer, Samuel U
Zumbühl, Heinz J
Steiner, Daniel
Trachsel, Mathias
Hegerl, Gabriele C
Schurer, Andrew
Worni, Matthias
Malik, Abdul
Flückiger, Julian
Raible, Christoph C
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
topic_facet Institute of Geography
910 Geography & travel
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
description During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of eruptions in observations, global three-dimensional climate field reconstructions and coupled climate model simulations. All the eruptions were followed by substantial drops of summer temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas. In addition to the direct radiative effect, which lasts 2–3 years, the simulated ocean–atmosphere heat exchange sustained cooling for several years after these eruptions, which affected the slow components of the climate system. Africa was hit by two decades of drought, global monsoons weakened and the tracks of low-pressure systems over the North Atlantic moved south. The low temperatures and increased precipitation in Europe triggered the last phase of the advance of Alpine glaciers. Only after the 1850s did the transition into the period of anthropogenic warming start. We conclude that the end of the Little Ice Age was marked by the recovery from a sequence of volcanic eruptions, which makes it difficult to define a single pre-industrial baseline.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Brönnimann, Stefan
Franke, Jörg
Nussbaumer, Samuel U
Zumbühl, Heinz J
Steiner, Daniel
Trachsel, Mathias
Hegerl, Gabriele C
Schurer, Andrew
Worni, Matthias
Malik, Abdul
Flückiger, Julian
Raible, Christoph C
author_facet Brönnimann, Stefan
Franke, Jörg
Nussbaumer, Samuel U
Zumbühl, Heinz J
Steiner, Daniel
Trachsel, Mathias
Hegerl, Gabriele C
Schurer, Andrew
Worni, Matthias
Malik, Abdul
Flückiger, Julian
Raible, Christoph C
author_sort Brönnimann, Stefan
title Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
title_short Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
title_full Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
title_fullStr Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
title_full_unstemmed Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
title_sort last phase of the little ice age forced by volcanic eruptions
publisher Nature Publishing Group
publishDate 2019
url https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf
https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-177660
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y
genre North Atlantic
genre_facet North Atlantic
op_source Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U; Zumbühl, Heinz J; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12(8):650-656.
op_relation https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177660/1/2019_s41561-019-0402-y.pdf
doi:10.5167/uzh-177660
doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y
urn:issn:1752-0894
op_rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
op_doi https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-17766010.1038/s41561-019-0402-y
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