Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey?
Predators can indirectly affect prey survival and reproduction by evoking costly antipredator responses. Such nonconsumptive effects may be as strong or stronger than consumptive predator effects. However, evidence for this in large terrestrial vertebrate systems is equivocal and few studies quantif...
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Oxford University Press
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ftunivzuerich:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:150945 2024-06-23T07:57:31+00:00 Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? Gehr, Benedikt Hofer, Elizabeth J Ryser, Andreas Vimercati, Eric Vogt, Kristina Keller, Lukas F 2018 application/pdf https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/150945/ https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/150945/7/ZORA_NL_150945.pdf https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-150945 https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ary031 eng eng Oxford University Press https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/150945/7/ZORA_NL_150945.pdf doi:10.5167/uzh-150945 doi:10.1093/beheco/ary031 urn:issn:1045-2249 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Gehr, Benedikt; Hofer, Elizabeth J; Ryser, Andreas; Vimercati, Eric; Vogt, Kristina; Keller, Lukas F (2018). Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? Behavioral Ecology:ary031. Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies 570 Life sciences biology 590 Animals (Zoology) Journal Article PeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2018 ftunivzuerich https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-15094510.1093/beheco/ary031 2024-05-29T00:45:49Z Predators can indirectly affect prey survival and reproduction by evoking costly antipredator responses. Such nonconsumptive effects may be as strong or stronger than consumptive predator effects. However, evidence for this in large terrestrial vertebrate systems is equivocal and few studies quantify the actual fitness costs of nonconsumptive effects. Here, we investigated whether nonconsumptive effects elicited by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a large terrestrial predator, reduced survival in an ungulate prey, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). To reveal the behavioral processes underlying nonconsumptive effects, we distinguished between proactive risk avoidance of areas with high lynx encounter probability, and reactive risk avoidance in response to actual lynx encounters and analyzed these responses using step selection functions. We also quantified the consequences of these behaviors for deer survival. Deer reacted differently at day and at night, but avoided high-risk areas proactively during the day and at night in the summer. During a predator encounter, deer increased avoidance of high-risk areas at night but not during the day. Thus, roe deer exhibited a behavioral response race that involved temporally and spatially varying tradeoffs with environmental constraints. We found evidence that nonconsumptive effects of lynx predation risk reduced deer survival and that survival was more sensitive to variation in nonconsumptive effects of lynx than to variation in human proximity. Our findings highlight that nonconsumptive effects may depend on the spatiotemporal distribution of risks and the environmental context, and we discuss how human factors contribute to predator–prey dynamics in human dominated landscapes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Lynx Lynx lynx lynx University of Zurich (UZH): ZORA (Zurich Open Repository and Archive |
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Open Polar |
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University of Zurich (UZH): ZORA (Zurich Open Repository and Archive |
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ftunivzuerich |
language |
English |
topic |
Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies 570 Life sciences biology 590 Animals (Zoology) |
spellingShingle |
Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies 570 Life sciences biology 590 Animals (Zoology) Gehr, Benedikt Hofer, Elizabeth J Ryser, Andreas Vimercati, Eric Vogt, Kristina Keller, Lukas F Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? |
topic_facet |
Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies 570 Life sciences biology 590 Animals (Zoology) |
description |
Predators can indirectly affect prey survival and reproduction by evoking costly antipredator responses. Such nonconsumptive effects may be as strong or stronger than consumptive predator effects. However, evidence for this in large terrestrial vertebrate systems is equivocal and few studies quantify the actual fitness costs of nonconsumptive effects. Here, we investigated whether nonconsumptive effects elicited by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a large terrestrial predator, reduced survival in an ungulate prey, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). To reveal the behavioral processes underlying nonconsumptive effects, we distinguished between proactive risk avoidance of areas with high lynx encounter probability, and reactive risk avoidance in response to actual lynx encounters and analyzed these responses using step selection functions. We also quantified the consequences of these behaviors for deer survival. Deer reacted differently at day and at night, but avoided high-risk areas proactively during the day and at night in the summer. During a predator encounter, deer increased avoidance of high-risk areas at night but not during the day. Thus, roe deer exhibited a behavioral response race that involved temporally and spatially varying tradeoffs with environmental constraints. We found evidence that nonconsumptive effects of lynx predation risk reduced deer survival and that survival was more sensitive to variation in nonconsumptive effects of lynx than to variation in human proximity. Our findings highlight that nonconsumptive effects may depend on the spatiotemporal distribution of risks and the environmental context, and we discuss how human factors contribute to predator–prey dynamics in human dominated landscapes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gehr, Benedikt Hofer, Elizabeth J Ryser, Andreas Vimercati, Eric Vogt, Kristina Keller, Lukas F |
author_facet |
Gehr, Benedikt Hofer, Elizabeth J Ryser, Andreas Vimercati, Eric Vogt, Kristina Keller, Lukas F |
author_sort |
Gehr, Benedikt |
title |
Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? |
title_short |
Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? |
title_full |
Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? |
title_fullStr |
Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? |
title_sort |
evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/150945/ https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/150945/7/ZORA_NL_150945.pdf https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-150945 https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ary031 |
genre |
Lynx Lynx lynx lynx |
genre_facet |
Lynx Lynx lynx lynx |
op_source |
Gehr, Benedikt; Hofer, Elizabeth J; Ryser, Andreas; Vimercati, Eric; Vogt, Kristina; Keller, Lukas F (2018). Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey? Behavioral Ecology:ary031. |
op_relation |
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/150945/7/ZORA_NL_150945.pdf doi:10.5167/uzh-150945 doi:10.1093/beheco/ary031 urn:issn:1045-2249 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-15094510.1093/beheco/ary031 |
_version_ |
1802651193760022528 |