A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles
ABSTRACT This study presents a taxonomic revision of some procolophonoid parareptiles and a detailed, global analysis of procolophonid intrarelationships. The poorly known genus Candelaria, from the Middle Triassic of Brazil, is identified on the basis of new material as an owenettid, rather than a...
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ftunivwitwaters:oai:wiredspace.wits.ac.za:10539/4676 2023-06-11T04:06:36+02:00 A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles Martinez, Juan Carlos Cisneros 2008-03-18T08:54:02Z 157490 bytes 6690130 bytes 529548 bytes 339378 bytes 6028508 bytes application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4676 en eng http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4676 Procolophon parareptiles phylogeny Gondwana Triassic Thesis 2008 ftunivwitwaters 2023-05-15T10:22:07Z ABSTRACT This study presents a taxonomic revision of some procolophonoid parareptiles and a detailed, global analysis of procolophonid intrarelationships. The poorly known genus Candelaria, from the Middle Triassic of Brazil, is identified on the basis of new material as an owenettid, rather than a procolophonid as previously thought. Thus, Candelaria represents the youngest owenettid and the first member of this group from South America. The cranium of Candelaria is also remarkable for having temporal fenestrae, and the significance of this character within the Parareptilia is discussed. Based on a comprehensive review of specimens referred to different Procolophon species, it is proposed that only the type species, Procolophon trigoniceps, is valid. Thus, Procolophon specimens from Brazil, South Africa, and Antarctica are all referable to P. trigoniceps. Consequently, P. trigoniceps has one of the broadest known geographic ranges among Triassic tetrapod species. A comprehensive cladistic analysis of procolophonids more firmly resolves the relationships within that group. The analysis reveals that Procolophoninae and Leptopleuroninae are valid monophyletic groups, whereas Spondylolestinae is paraphyletic. The species formerly assigned to the genus ‘Thelegnathus’ from the Middle Triassic of South Africa, and those assigned to ‘Eumetabolodon’ from the Lower-Middle Triassic of China, are paraphyletic. The poorly known Spondylolestes from the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of South Africa is considered valid and possibly represents the only Permian procolophonid in Gondwana. A new species, Kitchingnathus untabeni, is identified in the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. It is a basal member of the Procolophonidae and co-occurs with Procolophon in the Upper Katberg Formation. The new taxon is characterized by the presence of a large number of thin, bicuspid teeth. Character optimisation indicates that bicuspid teeth were acquired independently in K. untabeni, and hence originated twice during procolophonid ... Thesis Antarc* Antarctica University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg: WITS Institutional Repository on DSpace (WIReDSpace) Candelaria ENVELOPE(-63.750,-63.750,-66.167,-66.167) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg: WITS Institutional Repository on DSpace (WIReDSpace) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwitwaters |
language |
English |
topic |
Procolophon parareptiles phylogeny Gondwana Triassic |
spellingShingle |
Procolophon parareptiles phylogeny Gondwana Triassic Martinez, Juan Carlos Cisneros A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles |
topic_facet |
Procolophon parareptiles phylogeny Gondwana Triassic |
description |
ABSTRACT This study presents a taxonomic revision of some procolophonoid parareptiles and a detailed, global analysis of procolophonid intrarelationships. The poorly known genus Candelaria, from the Middle Triassic of Brazil, is identified on the basis of new material as an owenettid, rather than a procolophonid as previously thought. Thus, Candelaria represents the youngest owenettid and the first member of this group from South America. The cranium of Candelaria is also remarkable for having temporal fenestrae, and the significance of this character within the Parareptilia is discussed. Based on a comprehensive review of specimens referred to different Procolophon species, it is proposed that only the type species, Procolophon trigoniceps, is valid. Thus, Procolophon specimens from Brazil, South Africa, and Antarctica are all referable to P. trigoniceps. Consequently, P. trigoniceps has one of the broadest known geographic ranges among Triassic tetrapod species. A comprehensive cladistic analysis of procolophonids more firmly resolves the relationships within that group. The analysis reveals that Procolophoninae and Leptopleuroninae are valid monophyletic groups, whereas Spondylolestinae is paraphyletic. The species formerly assigned to the genus ‘Thelegnathus’ from the Middle Triassic of South Africa, and those assigned to ‘Eumetabolodon’ from the Lower-Middle Triassic of China, are paraphyletic. The poorly known Spondylolestes from the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of South Africa is considered valid and possibly represents the only Permian procolophonid in Gondwana. A new species, Kitchingnathus untabeni, is identified in the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. It is a basal member of the Procolophonidae and co-occurs with Procolophon in the Upper Katberg Formation. The new taxon is characterized by the presence of a large number of thin, bicuspid teeth. Character optimisation indicates that bicuspid teeth were acquired independently in K. untabeni, and hence originated twice during procolophonid ... |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Martinez, Juan Carlos Cisneros |
author_facet |
Martinez, Juan Carlos Cisneros |
author_sort |
Martinez, Juan Carlos Cisneros |
title |
A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles |
title_short |
A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles |
title_full |
A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles |
title_fullStr |
A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles |
title_full_unstemmed |
A taxonomic revision of the genus Procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of Procolophonoid reptiles |
title_sort |
taxonomic revision of the genus procolophon and the phylogenetic relationships of procolophonoid reptiles |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4676 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-63.750,-63.750,-66.167,-66.167) |
geographic |
Candelaria |
geographic_facet |
Candelaria |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4676 |
_version_ |
1768378624067502080 |