A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic
Ships' ballast water and hull fouling are leading transport vectors of aquatic nonindigenous species (NIS) globally, yet very few studies have examined the magnitude of these vectors in the Arctic. A combination of climate warming, resource exploration, and expanded Arctic shipping is expected...
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University of Windsor
2014
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ftunivwindsor:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-6215 2023-06-11T04:08:13+02:00 A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic Chan, Farrah 2014-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5216 https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/context/etd/article/6215/viewcontent/Chan.pdf eng eng University of Windsor https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5216 https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/context/etd/article/6215/viewcontent/Chan.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arctic Ballast water Biological invasions Conservation Biology Hull fouling Marine ecology info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis 2014 ftunivwindsor 2023-05-06T19:01:53Z Ships' ballast water and hull fouling are leading transport vectors of aquatic nonindigenous species (NIS) globally, yet very few studies have examined the magnitude of these vectors in the Arctic. A combination of climate warming, resource exploration, and expanded Arctic shipping is expected to increase the risk of introducing NIS to the Arctic via ship vectors. Therefore, a formal assessment of the current risk levels associated with these vectors is warranted. I conducted a vector-based risk assessment to identify ports at relatively high risk of ballast-mediated invasions and the responsible vessel pathway. Churchill appears to be at greatest invasion risk from ballast water discharged by international merchant vessels. I subsequently collected ballast water and hull fouling samples from 32 and 13 ships, respectively, at Churchill and quantified colonization pressure (CP) and total propagule pressure (total PP) associated with each vector. I evaluated relative arrival potential of invertebrates via ballast water by comparing CP, total PP, and the relationship between CP and total PP in vessels from Europe destined for the Arctic with those bound for Atlantic Canada and the Great Lakes. Arrival potential of invertebrates in ballast water of Arctic ships may be lower than that of Atlantic ships but similar to that of Great Lakes ones. Furthermore, I determined the relative importance of ballast water and hull fouling as transport vectors of NIS to the Canadian Arctic by comparing CP, total PP, number of NIS, and total abundance of all NIS for invertebrates transported by each vector. Hull fouling appears to be the more important transport vector of NIS. Finally, to better understand ship-mediated dispersal mechanisms, I examined temporal changes in characteristics of species assemblages entrained by ballast water using datasets from other, previously studied Canadian systems with large sample size. Rank-abundance distributions and CP:total PP patterns varied widely by voyage route (Pacific vs. Atlantic), ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic University of Windsor, Ontario: Scholarship at UWindsor Arctic Canada Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Windsor, Ontario: Scholarship at UWindsor |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwindsor |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic Ballast water Biological invasions Conservation Biology Hull fouling Marine ecology |
spellingShingle |
Arctic Ballast water Biological invasions Conservation Biology Hull fouling Marine ecology Chan, Farrah A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic |
topic_facet |
Arctic Ballast water Biological invasions Conservation Biology Hull fouling Marine ecology |
description |
Ships' ballast water and hull fouling are leading transport vectors of aquatic nonindigenous species (NIS) globally, yet very few studies have examined the magnitude of these vectors in the Arctic. A combination of climate warming, resource exploration, and expanded Arctic shipping is expected to increase the risk of introducing NIS to the Arctic via ship vectors. Therefore, a formal assessment of the current risk levels associated with these vectors is warranted. I conducted a vector-based risk assessment to identify ports at relatively high risk of ballast-mediated invasions and the responsible vessel pathway. Churchill appears to be at greatest invasion risk from ballast water discharged by international merchant vessels. I subsequently collected ballast water and hull fouling samples from 32 and 13 ships, respectively, at Churchill and quantified colonization pressure (CP) and total propagule pressure (total PP) associated with each vector. I evaluated relative arrival potential of invertebrates via ballast water by comparing CP, total PP, and the relationship between CP and total PP in vessels from Europe destined for the Arctic with those bound for Atlantic Canada and the Great Lakes. Arrival potential of invertebrates in ballast water of Arctic ships may be lower than that of Atlantic ships but similar to that of Great Lakes ones. Furthermore, I determined the relative importance of ballast water and hull fouling as transport vectors of NIS to the Canadian Arctic by comparing CP, total PP, number of NIS, and total abundance of all NIS for invertebrates transported by each vector. Hull fouling appears to be the more important transport vector of NIS. Finally, to better understand ship-mediated dispersal mechanisms, I examined temporal changes in characteristics of species assemblages entrained by ballast water using datasets from other, previously studied Canadian systems with large sample size. Rank-abundance distributions and CP:total PP patterns varied widely by voyage route (Pacific vs. Atlantic), ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Chan, Farrah |
author_facet |
Chan, Farrah |
author_sort |
Chan, Farrah |
title |
A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic |
title_short |
A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic |
title_full |
A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic |
title_fullStr |
A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
A comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the Canadian Arctic |
title_sort |
comprehensive assessment of ship-mediated invasion risk in the canadian arctic |
publisher |
University of Windsor |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5216 https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/context/etd/article/6215/viewcontent/Chan.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Pacific |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Electronic Theses and Dissertations |
op_relation |
https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5216 https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/context/etd/article/6215/viewcontent/Chan.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
_version_ |
1768381377274707968 |