Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2019 Wildlife have varying responses to disturbances depending on the duration, severity, and type of disturbance event. Some disturbances modify wildlife habitat, and can impact community assembly and patterns of diversity, while others can modify w...
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ftunivwashington:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/44270 2023-05-15T13:13:40+02:00 Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Sytsma, Mira Laura Terney Prugh, Laura R 2019 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1773/44270 en_US eng Sytsma_washington_0250O_20204.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1773/44270 none Ecology Conservation biology Wildlife conservation Forestry Thesis 2019 ftunivwashington 2023-03-12T18:59:31Z Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2019 Wildlife have varying responses to disturbances depending on the duration, severity, and type of disturbance event. Some disturbances modify wildlife habitat, and can impact community assembly and patterns of diversity, while others can modify wildlife behavior. Human disturbance often elicits two opposite behavioral response from wildlife, one in which they can exhibit “fear effects”, where they avoid humans, and the “human shield effect”, where wildlife are attracted to centers of human activity and use human presence as a buffer against predation. However the level of human disturbance that causes a detectable change in wildlife behavior remains unknown. Many disturbances that alter landscapes and modify wildlife habitat are expected to increase in frequency and severity with climate change, and post-disturbance successional patterns of wildlife communities remain poorly understood. In this thesis, I investigated the responses of wildlife to two types of disturbances: human activity (Chapter 1) and glacial recession (Chapter 2) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (GLBA). GLBA is a remote park with relatively low but increasing levels of visitation, and it is centered around a marine fjord that is the product of the most rapid glacial recession in modern times. To understand the responses of brown bears (Ursus arctos), black bears (Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces), and wolves (Canis lupis) to human activity, I used camera traps to document wildlife activity and a paired-plot, crossover experimental design to manipulate human visitation during summers 2017 and 2018 (n = 5 pairs of sites). Single-season occupancy models and activity overlap analyses indicated that brown bears were unaffected by human use in GLBA, black bears exhibited fear effects temporally but the human shield effect spatially, moose utilized human presence as a shield temporally, and wolves exhibited fear effects temporally. Traditional occupancy models assume logit-linear ... Thesis Alces alces glacier Ursus arctos Alaska University of Washington, Seattle: ResearchWorks Glacier Bay |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Washington, Seattle: ResearchWorks |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwashington |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology Conservation biology Wildlife conservation Forestry |
spellingShingle |
Ecology Conservation biology Wildlife conservation Forestry Sytsma, Mira Laura Terney Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska |
topic_facet |
Ecology Conservation biology Wildlife conservation Forestry |
description |
Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2019 Wildlife have varying responses to disturbances depending on the duration, severity, and type of disturbance event. Some disturbances modify wildlife habitat, and can impact community assembly and patterns of diversity, while others can modify wildlife behavior. Human disturbance often elicits two opposite behavioral response from wildlife, one in which they can exhibit “fear effects”, where they avoid humans, and the “human shield effect”, where wildlife are attracted to centers of human activity and use human presence as a buffer against predation. However the level of human disturbance that causes a detectable change in wildlife behavior remains unknown. Many disturbances that alter landscapes and modify wildlife habitat are expected to increase in frequency and severity with climate change, and post-disturbance successional patterns of wildlife communities remain poorly understood. In this thesis, I investigated the responses of wildlife to two types of disturbances: human activity (Chapter 1) and glacial recession (Chapter 2) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (GLBA). GLBA is a remote park with relatively low but increasing levels of visitation, and it is centered around a marine fjord that is the product of the most rapid glacial recession in modern times. To understand the responses of brown bears (Ursus arctos), black bears (Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces), and wolves (Canis lupis) to human activity, I used camera traps to document wildlife activity and a paired-plot, crossover experimental design to manipulate human visitation during summers 2017 and 2018 (n = 5 pairs of sites). Single-season occupancy models and activity overlap analyses indicated that brown bears were unaffected by human use in GLBA, black bears exhibited fear effects temporally but the human shield effect spatially, moose utilized human presence as a shield temporally, and wolves exhibited fear effects temporally. Traditional occupancy models assume logit-linear ... |
author2 |
Prugh, Laura R |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Sytsma, Mira Laura Terney |
author_facet |
Sytsma, Mira Laura Terney |
author_sort |
Sytsma, Mira Laura Terney |
title |
Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska |
title_short |
Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska |
title_full |
Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska |
title_fullStr |
Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska |
title_full_unstemmed |
Responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska |
title_sort |
responses of wildlife to tourism and glacial recession in glacier bay national park, alaska |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/44270 |
geographic |
Glacier Bay |
geographic_facet |
Glacier Bay |
genre |
Alces alces glacier Ursus arctos Alaska |
genre_facet |
Alces alces glacier Ursus arctos Alaska |
op_relation |
Sytsma_washington_0250O_20204.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1773/44270 |
op_rights |
none |
_version_ |
1766259760471998464 |