A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2018 The ocean’s biogeochemical cycles are coming under increasing stress due to global climate change and anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. Three different factors are stressing the oceans: rising temperatures, acidification, and deoxygenation [Gru...
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ftunivwashington:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/41831 2023-05-15T13:04:22+02:00 A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones Reed, Andrew McNeil, Craig 2018 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41831 en_US eng Reed_washington_0250E_18366.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41831 CC BY-NC-SA Denitrification Dissolved gases Gas Tension Device Henry's Law Nitrogen Oxygen Minimum Zones Chemical oceanography Physical oceanography Ocean engineering Oceanography Thesis 2018 ftunivwashington 2023-03-12T18:58:19Z Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2018 The ocean’s biogeochemical cycles are coming under increasing stress due to global climate change and anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. Three different factors are stressing the oceans: rising temperatures, acidification, and deoxygenation [Gruber 2011]. Rising temperatures are predicted to increase stratification and slow-down global ocean circulation. We examine the change in the rates of formation and characteristics of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the Australia-Antarctic Basin from repeat hydrographic sections. Using changes in CFC-11 and CFC-12 concentrations, we find that AABW formation rates corrected for seasonality decrease by approximately 20%, from 0.38 ± 0.04 m2 s−1 in 1991 to 0.30 ± 0.02 m2 s−1 in 2008. Additionally, we find the sampled AABW warmed and increased in salinity, likely due to the increasing influence of bottom water formed in the Ross Sea over fresh, cold waters formed offshore of Adelie Land. Oceanic deoxygenation has the potential to significantly alter the global nitrogen cycle due to potential expansion of Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs), which are regions of the pelagic ocean where oxygen concentrations are nearly or functionally zero. In ODZs, microbes utilize biologically-available fixed nitrogen to either respire organic matter (denitrification) or fix new organic matter (anammox), converting the fixed nitrogen into N2-gas. An alternative method to the traditional method of measuring dissolved N2-gas by N2:Ar mass spectrometry is using in-situ measurements of total dissolved gas pressure (gas tension) using a gas tension device (GTD). We designed and characterized a new GTD which uses a custom designed small diameter (4 cm) thin (130 µm) incompressible composite Teflon-AF 2400 membrane. The new GTD eliminates issues of hydrostatic pressure-generated transients, changes to response times, and reverse osmosis, which plagued existing versions of GTDs using a compressible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. We demonstrate ... Thesis Adelie Land Antarc* Antarctic Ross Sea University of Washington, Seattle: ResearchWorks Antarctic Ross Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Washington, Seattle: ResearchWorks |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwashington |
language |
English |
topic |
Denitrification Dissolved gases Gas Tension Device Henry's Law Nitrogen Oxygen Minimum Zones Chemical oceanography Physical oceanography Ocean engineering Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Denitrification Dissolved gases Gas Tension Device Henry's Law Nitrogen Oxygen Minimum Zones Chemical oceanography Physical oceanography Ocean engineering Oceanography Reed, Andrew A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones |
topic_facet |
Denitrification Dissolved gases Gas Tension Device Henry's Law Nitrogen Oxygen Minimum Zones Chemical oceanography Physical oceanography Ocean engineering Oceanography |
description |
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2018 The ocean’s biogeochemical cycles are coming under increasing stress due to global climate change and anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. Three different factors are stressing the oceans: rising temperatures, acidification, and deoxygenation [Gruber 2011]. Rising temperatures are predicted to increase stratification and slow-down global ocean circulation. We examine the change in the rates of formation and characteristics of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the Australia-Antarctic Basin from repeat hydrographic sections. Using changes in CFC-11 and CFC-12 concentrations, we find that AABW formation rates corrected for seasonality decrease by approximately 20%, from 0.38 ± 0.04 m2 s−1 in 1991 to 0.30 ± 0.02 m2 s−1 in 2008. Additionally, we find the sampled AABW warmed and increased in salinity, likely due to the increasing influence of bottom water formed in the Ross Sea over fresh, cold waters formed offshore of Adelie Land. Oceanic deoxygenation has the potential to significantly alter the global nitrogen cycle due to potential expansion of Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs), which are regions of the pelagic ocean where oxygen concentrations are nearly or functionally zero. In ODZs, microbes utilize biologically-available fixed nitrogen to either respire organic matter (denitrification) or fix new organic matter (anammox), converting the fixed nitrogen into N2-gas. An alternative method to the traditional method of measuring dissolved N2-gas by N2:Ar mass spectrometry is using in-situ measurements of total dissolved gas pressure (gas tension) using a gas tension device (GTD). We designed and characterized a new GTD which uses a custom designed small diameter (4 cm) thin (130 µm) incompressible composite Teflon-AF 2400 membrane. The new GTD eliminates issues of hydrostatic pressure-generated transients, changes to response times, and reverse osmosis, which plagued existing versions of GTDs using a compressible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. We demonstrate ... |
author2 |
McNeil, Craig |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Reed, Andrew |
author_facet |
Reed, Andrew |
author_sort |
Reed, Andrew |
title |
A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones |
title_short |
A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones |
title_full |
A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones |
title_fullStr |
A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones |
title_full_unstemmed |
A New Instrument and Method for Nitrogen-loss Studies in Oxygen Deficient Zones |
title_sort |
new instrument and method for nitrogen-loss studies in oxygen deficient zones |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41831 |
geographic |
Antarctic Ross Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Ross Sea |
genre |
Adelie Land Antarc* Antarctic Ross Sea |
genre_facet |
Adelie Land Antarc* Antarctic Ross Sea |
op_relation |
Reed_washington_0250E_18366.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41831 |
op_rights |
CC BY-NC-SA |
_version_ |
1766358097070129152 |