The effects of ocean acidification on microbial nutrient cycling and productivity in coastal marine sediments

• Main Author: Brandt, Shelly Mia Marie
• Other Authors: Cary, S. Craig, Pilditch, Conrad A., Vopel, Kay, Hartland, Adam, Lee, Charles Kai-Wu
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: The University of Waikato 2022
• Subjects: Ocean acidification; Microbial; Coastal marine sediments; Marine sediments > Microbiology > Environmental aspects > New Zealand; Coastal sediments > Microbiology > Environmental aspects > New Zealand; Ocean acidification > Environmental aspects > New Zealand; Benthic ecology > New Zealand; Atmospheric carbon dioxide > Environmental aspects > New Zealand; Nutrient cycles > Environmental aspects > New Zealand; New Zealand
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/14851

Ocean Acidification (OA), commonly referred to as the “other CO₂ problem,” illustrates the current rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels, precipitated in large by human-related activity (e.g., fossil fuel combustion and mass deforestation). The dissolution of atmospheric CO₂ into the surface of the ocean over time has reduced oceanic pH levels by 0.1 units since the start of the pre-industrial era and has resulted in wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry on a planetary scale. The chemical processes of ocean acidification are increasingly well documented, demonstrating clear rates of increase for global CO₂ emissions predicted by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) under the business-as-usual CO₂ emissions scenario. The ecological impact of ocean acidification alters seawater chemical speciation and disrupts vital biogeochemical cycling processes for various chemicals and compounds. Whereby the unidentified potential fallout of this is the cascading effects on the microbial communities within the benthic sediments. These microorganisms drive the marine ecosystem through a network of vast biogeochemical cycling processes aiding in the moderation of ecosystem-wide primary productivity and fundamentally regulating the global climate. The benthic sediments are determinably one of the largest and most diverse ecosystems on the planet. Marine sediments are also conceivably one of the most productive in terms of microbial activity and nutrient flux between the water-sediment interface (i.e., boundary layer). The absorption and sequestering of CO₂ from the atmosphere have demonstrated significant impacts on various marine taxa and their associated ecological processes. This is commonly observed in the reduction in calcium carbonate saturation states in most shell-forming organisms (i.e., plankton, benthic mollusks, echinoderms, and Scleractinia corals). However, the response of benthic sediment microbial communities to a reduction in global ocean pH remains considerably less well ...