Pan-Antarctic map of near-surface permafrost temperatures at 1 km2 scale

• Published in: The Cryosphere
• Main Authors: Obu, Jaroslav, Westermann, Sebastian, Vieira, Gonçalo, Abramov, Andrey, Balks, Megan R., Bartsch, Annett, Hrbáček, Filip, Kääb, Andreas, Ramos, Miguel
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus GmbH 2020
• Subjects: Antarctic; The Antarctic; Transantarctic Mountains; Markham; Queen Elizabeth Range; Mount Markham; Antarc*; Ice; Ice Sheet; permafrost; The Cryosphere
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/13744; https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-497-2020

Permafrost is present within almost all of the Antarctic's ice-free areas, but little is known about spatial variations in permafrost temperatures except for a few areas with established ground temperature measurements. We modelled a temperature at the top of the permafrost (TTOP) for all the ice-free areas of the Antarctic mainland and Antarctic islands at 1 km2 resolution during 2000–2017. The model was driven by remotely sensed land surface temperatures and downscaled ERA-Interim climate reanalysis data, and subgrid permafrost variability was simulated by variable snow cover. The results were validated against in situ-measured ground temperatures from 40 permafrost boreholes, and the resulting root-mean-square error was 1.9 ∘C. The lowest near-surface permafrost temperature of −36 ∘C was modelled at Mount Markham in the Queen Elizabeth Range in the Transantarctic Mountains. This is the lowest permafrost temperature on Earth, according to global-scale modelling results. The temperatures were most commonly modelled between −23 and −18 ∘C for mountainous areas rising above the Antarctic Ice Sheet and between −14 and −8 ∘C for coastal areas. The model performance was good where snow conditions were modelled realistically, but errors of up to 4 ∘C occurred at sites with strong wind-driven redistribution of snow.