Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics
Background The Antarctic continent is considered the coldest and driest place on earth with simple ecosystems, devoid of higher plants. Soils in the ice-free regions of Antarctica are known to harbor a wide range of microorganisms from primary producers to grazers, yet their ecology and particularly...
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ftunivwaikato:oai:researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz:10289/11468 2024-02-11T09:58:04+01:00 Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics Adriaenssens, Evelien M. Kramer, Rolf Van Goethem, Marc W. Makhalanyane, Thulani P. Hogg, Ian D. Cowan, Don A. 2017 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11468 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 en eng BioMed Central https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 Microbiome Adriaenssens, E. M., Kramer, R., Van Goethem, M. W., Makhalanyane, T. P., Hogg, I. D., & Cowan, D. A. (2017). Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics. Microbiome, 5(83). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 2049-2618 https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11468 doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 © 2017The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Viromics Soil Antarctica Viral diversity Viral community structure Journal Article 2017 ftunivwaikato https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 2024-01-23T18:25:30Z Background The Antarctic continent is considered the coldest and driest place on earth with simple ecosystems, devoid of higher plants. Soils in the ice-free regions of Antarctica are known to harbor a wide range of microorganisms from primary producers to grazers, yet their ecology and particularly the role of viruses is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the virus community structures of 14 soil samples from the Mackay Glacier region. Methods Viral communities were extracted from soil and the dsDNA was extracted, amplified using single-primer amplification, and sequenced using the Ion Torrent Proton platform. Metadata on soil physico-chemistry was collected from all sites. Both read and contig datasets were analyzed with reference-independent and reference-dependent methods to assess viral community structures and the influence of environmental parameters on their distribution. Results We observed a high heterogeneity in virus signatures, independent of geographical proximity. Tailed bacteriophages were dominant in all samples, but the incidences of the affiliated families Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were inversely correlated, suggesting direct competition for hosts. Viruses of the families Phycodnaviridae and Mimiviridae were present at significant levels in high-diversity soil samples and were found to co-occur, implying little competition between them. Combinations of soil factors, including pH, calcium content, and site altitude, were found to be the main drivers of viral community structure. Conclusions The pattern of viral community structure with higher levels of diversity at lower altitude and pH, and co-occurring viral families, suggests that these cold desert soil viruses interact with each other, the host, and the environment in an intricate manner, playing a potentially crucial role in maintaining host diversity and functioning of the microbial ecosystem in the extreme environments of Antarctic soil. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica The University of Waikato: Research Commons Antarctic The Antarctic Mackay ENVELOPE(168.517,168.517,-77.700,-77.700) Mackay Glacier ENVELOPE(162.000,162.000,-76.967,-76.967) Microbiome 5 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The University of Waikato: Research Commons |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwaikato |
language |
English |
topic |
Viromics Soil Antarctica Viral diversity Viral community structure |
spellingShingle |
Viromics Soil Antarctica Viral diversity Viral community structure Adriaenssens, Evelien M. Kramer, Rolf Van Goethem, Marc W. Makhalanyane, Thulani P. Hogg, Ian D. Cowan, Don A. Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics |
topic_facet |
Viromics Soil Antarctica Viral diversity Viral community structure |
description |
Background The Antarctic continent is considered the coldest and driest place on earth with simple ecosystems, devoid of higher plants. Soils in the ice-free regions of Antarctica are known to harbor a wide range of microorganisms from primary producers to grazers, yet their ecology and particularly the role of viruses is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the virus community structures of 14 soil samples from the Mackay Glacier region. Methods Viral communities were extracted from soil and the dsDNA was extracted, amplified using single-primer amplification, and sequenced using the Ion Torrent Proton platform. Metadata on soil physico-chemistry was collected from all sites. Both read and contig datasets were analyzed with reference-independent and reference-dependent methods to assess viral community structures and the influence of environmental parameters on their distribution. Results We observed a high heterogeneity in virus signatures, independent of geographical proximity. Tailed bacteriophages were dominant in all samples, but the incidences of the affiliated families Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were inversely correlated, suggesting direct competition for hosts. Viruses of the families Phycodnaviridae and Mimiviridae were present at significant levels in high-diversity soil samples and were found to co-occur, implying little competition between them. Combinations of soil factors, including pH, calcium content, and site altitude, were found to be the main drivers of viral community structure. Conclusions The pattern of viral community structure with higher levels of diversity at lower altitude and pH, and co-occurring viral families, suggests that these cold desert soil viruses interact with each other, the host, and the environment in an intricate manner, playing a potentially crucial role in maintaining host diversity and functioning of the microbial ecosystem in the extreme environments of Antarctic soil. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Adriaenssens, Evelien M. Kramer, Rolf Van Goethem, Marc W. Makhalanyane, Thulani P. Hogg, Ian D. Cowan, Don A. |
author_facet |
Adriaenssens, Evelien M. Kramer, Rolf Van Goethem, Marc W. Makhalanyane, Thulani P. Hogg, Ian D. Cowan, Don A. |
author_sort |
Adriaenssens, Evelien M. |
title |
Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics |
title_short |
Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics |
title_full |
Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics |
title_fullStr |
Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics |
title_sort |
environmental drivers of viral community composition in antarctic soils identified by viromics |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11468 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(168.517,168.517,-77.700,-77.700) ENVELOPE(162.000,162.000,-76.967,-76.967) |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Mackay Mackay Glacier |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Mackay Mackay Glacier |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_relation |
https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 Microbiome Adriaenssens, E. M., Kramer, R., Van Goethem, M. W., Makhalanyane, T. P., Hogg, I. D., & Cowan, D. A. (2017). Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics. Microbiome, 5(83). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 2049-2618 https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11468 doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 |
op_rights |
© 2017The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7 |
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Microbiome |
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5 |
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1 |
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1790593647067004928 |