Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (“krill”) constitute a fundamental food source for Antarctic seabirds and mammals, and a globally important fisheries resource. The future resilience of krill to climate change depends critically on the winter survival of young krill. To survive periods of extremely...
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Online Access: | https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ice-algae-produced-carbon-is-critical-for-overwintering-of-antarc https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 |
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ftunivwagenin:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/527581 2024-04-28T08:01:51+00:00 Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Kohlbach, Doreen Lange, Benjamin A. Schaafsma, Fokje L. David, Carmen Vortkamp, Martina Graeve, Martin Van Franeker, Jan A. Krumpen, Thomas Flores, Hauke 2017 application/pdf https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ice-algae-produced-carbon-is-critical-for-overwintering-of-antarc https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 en eng https://edepot.wur.nl/424461 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ice-algae-produced-carbon-is-critical-for-overwintering-of-antarc doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Wageningen University & Research Frontiers in Marine Science 4 (2017) ISSN: 2296-7745 Antarctic krill Compound-specific stable isotope analysis Marker fatty acids carbon source euphausia-superba fisheries resoucres ice algae winter survival Article/Letter to editor 2017 ftunivwagenin https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 2024-04-03T15:20:23Z Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (“krill”) constitute a fundamental food source for Antarctic seabirds and mammals, and a globally important fisheries resource. The future resilience of krill to climate change depends critically on the winter survival of young krill. To survive periods of extremely low production by pelagic algae during winter, krill are assumed to rely partly on carbon produced by ice algae. The true dependency on ice algae-produced carbon, however, is so far unquantified. This confounds predictions on the future resilience of krill stocks to sea ice decline. Fatty acid (FA) analysis, bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA), and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of diatom- and dinoflagellate-associated marker FAs were applied to quantify the dependency of overwintering larval, juvenile, and adult krill on ice algae-produced carbon (aIce) during winter 2013 in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence Zone. Our results demonstrate that the majority of the carbon uptake of the overwintering larval and juvenile krill originated from ice algae (up to 88% of the carbon budget), and that the dependency on ice algal carbon decreased with ontogeny, reaching <56%of the carbon budget in adults. Spatio-temporal variability in the utilization of ice algal carbon was more pronounced in larvae and juvenile krill than in adults. Differences between aIce estimates derived from short- vs. long-term FA-specific isotopic compositions suggested that ice algae-produced carbon gained importance as the winter progressed, and might become critical at the late winter-spring transition, before the phytoplankton bloom commences. Where the sea ice season shortens, reduced availability of ice algae might possibly not be compensated by surplus phytoplankton production during wintertime. Hence, sea ice decline could seriously endanger the winter survival of recruits, and subsequently overall biomass of krill. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library Frontiers in Marine Science 4 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwagenin |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic krill Compound-specific stable isotope analysis Marker fatty acids carbon source euphausia-superba fisheries resoucres ice algae winter survival |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic krill Compound-specific stable isotope analysis Marker fatty acids carbon source euphausia-superba fisheries resoucres ice algae winter survival Kohlbach, Doreen Lange, Benjamin A. Schaafsma, Fokje L. David, Carmen Vortkamp, Martina Graeve, Martin Van Franeker, Jan A. Krumpen, Thomas Flores, Hauke Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
topic_facet |
Antarctic krill Compound-specific stable isotope analysis Marker fatty acids carbon source euphausia-superba fisheries resoucres ice algae winter survival |
description |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (“krill”) constitute a fundamental food source for Antarctic seabirds and mammals, and a globally important fisheries resource. The future resilience of krill to climate change depends critically on the winter survival of young krill. To survive periods of extremely low production by pelagic algae during winter, krill are assumed to rely partly on carbon produced by ice algae. The true dependency on ice algae-produced carbon, however, is so far unquantified. This confounds predictions on the future resilience of krill stocks to sea ice decline. Fatty acid (FA) analysis, bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA), and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of diatom- and dinoflagellate-associated marker FAs were applied to quantify the dependency of overwintering larval, juvenile, and adult krill on ice algae-produced carbon (aIce) during winter 2013 in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence Zone. Our results demonstrate that the majority of the carbon uptake of the overwintering larval and juvenile krill originated from ice algae (up to 88% of the carbon budget), and that the dependency on ice algal carbon decreased with ontogeny, reaching <56%of the carbon budget in adults. Spatio-temporal variability in the utilization of ice algal carbon was more pronounced in larvae and juvenile krill than in adults. Differences between aIce estimates derived from short- vs. long-term FA-specific isotopic compositions suggested that ice algae-produced carbon gained importance as the winter progressed, and might become critical at the late winter-spring transition, before the phytoplankton bloom commences. Where the sea ice season shortens, reduced availability of ice algae might possibly not be compensated by surplus phytoplankton production during wintertime. Hence, sea ice decline could seriously endanger the winter survival of recruits, and subsequently overall biomass of krill. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kohlbach, Doreen Lange, Benjamin A. Schaafsma, Fokje L. David, Carmen Vortkamp, Martina Graeve, Martin Van Franeker, Jan A. Krumpen, Thomas Flores, Hauke |
author_facet |
Kohlbach, Doreen Lange, Benjamin A. Schaafsma, Fokje L. David, Carmen Vortkamp, Martina Graeve, Martin Van Franeker, Jan A. Krumpen, Thomas Flores, Hauke |
author_sort |
Kohlbach, Doreen |
title |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_short |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_full |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_fullStr |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_sort |
ice algae-produced carbon is critical for overwintering of antarctic krill euphausia superba |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ice-algae-produced-carbon-is-critical-for-overwintering-of-antarc https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science 4 (2017) ISSN: 2296-7745 |
op_relation |
https://edepot.wur.nl/424461 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ice-algae-produced-carbon-is-critical-for-overwintering-of-antarc doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Wageningen University & Research |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
4 |
_version_ |
1797573419359797248 |