Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest
Large mammalian carnivores create areas perceived as having high and low risk by their ungulate prey. Human activities can indirectly shape this landscape of fear by altering behavior and spatial distribution of carnivores. We studied how red deer perceive the landscape of fear in an old-growth fore...
Published in: | Behavioral Ecology |
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/context-dependence-of-risk-effects-wolves-and-tree-logs-create-pa https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv107 |
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ftunivwagenin:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/496859 2024-02-04T09:59:31+01:00 Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest Kuijper, D.P.J. Bubnicki, J.W. Churski, Marcin Mols, Bjorn Van Hooft, Pim 2015 application/pdf https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/context-dependence-of-risk-effects-wolves-and-tree-logs-create-pa https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv107 en eng https://edepot.wur.nl/372977 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/context-dependence-of-risk-effects-wolves-and-tree-logs-create-pa doi:10.1093/beheco/arv107 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Wageningen University & Research Behavioral Ecology 26 (2015) 6 ISSN: 1045-2249 Białowieża Primeval Forest Canis lupus Cervus elaphus escape impediment landscapes of fear predation risk info:eu-repo/semantics/article Article/Letter to editor info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2015 ftunivwagenin https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv107 2024-01-10T23:19:21Z Large mammalian carnivores create areas perceived as having high and low risk by their ungulate prey. Human activities can indirectly shape this landscape of fear by altering behavior and spatial distribution of carnivores. We studied how red deer perceive the landscape of fear in an old-growth forest system (Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland) both at large and fine spatial scale. Camera traps were placed at locations with and without tree logs (fine-scale risk factor) and at different distances from the core of a Wolf territory and human settlements (large-scale risk factor). Red deer avoided coming close to large tree logs and increased their vigilance levels when they were present in close vicinity. The strength of these effects depended on the distance to the Wolf core area; deer perceived tree logs as more risky when wolves were more often present. Hence, tree logs inside Wolf core areas create fine-scale patches of fear with reduced deer browsing pressure, thereby enhancing chances for successful tree recruitment. Human presence shapes this landscape of fear as Wolf core areas are located far from human settlements. This "human shadow" on predator-prey interactions is therefore an important component that should be taken into account in human-dominated landscapes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library Behavioral Ecology 26 6 1558 1568 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwagenin |
language |
English |
topic |
Białowieża Primeval Forest Canis lupus Cervus elaphus escape impediment landscapes of fear predation risk |
spellingShingle |
Białowieża Primeval Forest Canis lupus Cervus elaphus escape impediment landscapes of fear predation risk Kuijper, D.P.J. Bubnicki, J.W. Churski, Marcin Mols, Bjorn Van Hooft, Pim Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest |
topic_facet |
Białowieża Primeval Forest Canis lupus Cervus elaphus escape impediment landscapes of fear predation risk |
description |
Large mammalian carnivores create areas perceived as having high and low risk by their ungulate prey. Human activities can indirectly shape this landscape of fear by altering behavior and spatial distribution of carnivores. We studied how red deer perceive the landscape of fear in an old-growth forest system (Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland) both at large and fine spatial scale. Camera traps were placed at locations with and without tree logs (fine-scale risk factor) and at different distances from the core of a Wolf territory and human settlements (large-scale risk factor). Red deer avoided coming close to large tree logs and increased their vigilance levels when they were present in close vicinity. The strength of these effects depended on the distance to the Wolf core area; deer perceived tree logs as more risky when wolves were more often present. Hence, tree logs inside Wolf core areas create fine-scale patches of fear with reduced deer browsing pressure, thereby enhancing chances for successful tree recruitment. Human presence shapes this landscape of fear as Wolf core areas are located far from human settlements. This "human shadow" on predator-prey interactions is therefore an important component that should be taken into account in human-dominated landscapes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kuijper, D.P.J. Bubnicki, J.W. Churski, Marcin Mols, Bjorn Van Hooft, Pim |
author_facet |
Kuijper, D.P.J. Bubnicki, J.W. Churski, Marcin Mols, Bjorn Van Hooft, Pim |
author_sort |
Kuijper, D.P.J. |
title |
Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest |
title_short |
Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest |
title_full |
Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest |
title_fullStr |
Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest |
title_full_unstemmed |
Context dependence of risk effects : Wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest |
title_sort |
context dependence of risk effects : wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/context-dependence-of-risk-effects-wolves-and-tree-logs-create-pa https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv107 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Behavioral Ecology 26 (2015) 6 ISSN: 1045-2249 |
op_relation |
https://edepot.wur.nl/372977 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/context-dependence-of-risk-effects-wolves-and-tree-logs-create-pa doi:10.1093/beheco/arv107 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Wageningen University & Research |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv107 |
container_title |
Behavioral Ecology |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1558 |
op_container_end_page |
1568 |
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1789964374486548480 |