Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform representatives, with at least some conserved properties among these species. However, low conservation of the leucine-rich repe...
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ftunivwagenin:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/452601 2024-02-04T10:04:16+01:00 Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies Pietretti, D. Wiegertjes, G. 2014 application/pdf https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ligand-specificities-of-toll-like-receptors-in-fish-indicatiaons- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.010 en eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/214505 https://edepot.wur.nl/298524 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ligand-specificities-of-toll-like-receptors-in-fish-indicatiaons- doi:10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.010 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Wageningen University & Research Developmental and Comparative Immunology 43 (2014) 2 ISSN: 0145-305X aeromonas-hydrophila infection carp cyprinus-carpio flounder paralichthys-olivaceus hemorrhagic septicemia virus indian major carp mrigal cir pattern-recognition receptors respiratory syncytial virus salmon salmo-salar sole cynoglossus-semilaevis info:eu-repo/semantics/article Article/Letter to editor info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2014 ftunivwagenin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.010 2024-01-10T23:19:49Z Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform representatives, with at least some conserved properties among these species. However, low conservation of the leucine-rich repeat ectodomain hinders predictions of ligand specificities of fish TLRs based on sequence information only. We review the presence of a TLR genes, and changes in their gene expression profiles as result of infection, in the context of different fish orders and fish families. The application of RT-qPCR and availability of increasing numbers of fish genomes has led to numerous gene expression studies, including studies on TLR gene expression, providing the most complete dataset to date. Induced changes of gene expression may provide (in)direct evidence for the involvement of a particular TLR in the reaction to a pathogen. Especially when findings are consistent across different studies on the same fish species or consistent across different fish species, up-regulation of TLR gene expression could be a first indication of functional relevance. We discuss TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 as presumed sensors of bacterial ligands and discuss as presumed sensors of viral ligands TLR3 and TLR22, TLR7 and TLR8. More functional studies are needed before conclusions on ligands specific to (groups of) fish TLRs can be drawn, certainly true for studies on non-mammalian TLRs. Future studies on the conservation of function of accessory molecules, in conjunction with TLR molecules, may bring new insight into the function of fish TLRs. Article in Journal/Newspaper Salmo salar Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library Indian Developmental & Comparative Immunology 43 2 205 222 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwagenin |
language |
English |
topic |
aeromonas-hydrophila infection carp cyprinus-carpio flounder paralichthys-olivaceus hemorrhagic septicemia virus indian major carp mrigal cir pattern-recognition receptors respiratory syncytial virus salmon salmo-salar sole cynoglossus-semilaevis |
spellingShingle |
aeromonas-hydrophila infection carp cyprinus-carpio flounder paralichthys-olivaceus hemorrhagic septicemia virus indian major carp mrigal cir pattern-recognition receptors respiratory syncytial virus salmon salmo-salar sole cynoglossus-semilaevis Pietretti, D. Wiegertjes, G. Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies |
topic_facet |
aeromonas-hydrophila infection carp cyprinus-carpio flounder paralichthys-olivaceus hemorrhagic septicemia virus indian major carp mrigal cir pattern-recognition receptors respiratory syncytial virus salmon salmo-salar sole cynoglossus-semilaevis |
description |
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform representatives, with at least some conserved properties among these species. However, low conservation of the leucine-rich repeat ectodomain hinders predictions of ligand specificities of fish TLRs based on sequence information only. We review the presence of a TLR genes, and changes in their gene expression profiles as result of infection, in the context of different fish orders and fish families. The application of RT-qPCR and availability of increasing numbers of fish genomes has led to numerous gene expression studies, including studies on TLR gene expression, providing the most complete dataset to date. Induced changes of gene expression may provide (in)direct evidence for the involvement of a particular TLR in the reaction to a pathogen. Especially when findings are consistent across different studies on the same fish species or consistent across different fish species, up-regulation of TLR gene expression could be a first indication of functional relevance. We discuss TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 as presumed sensors of bacterial ligands and discuss as presumed sensors of viral ligands TLR3 and TLR22, TLR7 and TLR8. More functional studies are needed before conclusions on ligands specific to (groups of) fish TLRs can be drawn, certainly true for studies on non-mammalian TLRs. Future studies on the conservation of function of accessory molecules, in conjunction with TLR molecules, may bring new insight into the function of fish TLRs. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pietretti, D. Wiegertjes, G. |
author_facet |
Pietretti, D. Wiegertjes, G. |
author_sort |
Pietretti, D. |
title |
Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies |
title_short |
Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies |
title_full |
Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies |
title_fullStr |
Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ligand specificities of Toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies |
title_sort |
ligand specificities of toll-like receptors in fish: indicatiaons from infection studies |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ligand-specificities-of-toll-like-receptors-in-fish-indicatiaons- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.010 |
geographic |
Indian |
geographic_facet |
Indian |
genre |
Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Salmo salar |
op_source |
Developmental and Comparative Immunology 43 (2014) 2 ISSN: 0145-305X |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/214505 https://edepot.wur.nl/298524 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/ligand-specificities-of-toll-like-receptors-in-fish-indicatiaons- doi:10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.010 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Wageningen University & Research |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.010 |
container_title |
Developmental & Comparative Immunology |
container_volume |
43 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
205 |
op_container_end_page |
222 |
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1789972416545423360 |