Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard
This thesis is a literature study. It focuses on the theory that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe in prehistoric times before man intervened and that it would still be there had this intervention not taken place. The theory also states t...
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Helton Van Haeringen & Koninklijke Drukkerij De Swart
1997
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Online Access: | https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/metaforen-voor-de-wildernis-eik-hazelaar-rund-en-paard |
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ftunivwagenin:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/38738 2024-02-27T08:32:41+00:00 Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard Vera, F.W.M. Prins, H.H.T. Berendse, F. 1997 application/pdf https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/metaforen-voor-de-wildernis-eik-hazelaar-rund-en-paard nl dut Helton Van Haeringen & Koninklijke Drukkerij De Swart https://edepot.wur.nl/212241 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/metaforen-voor-de-wildernis-eik-hazelaar-rund-en-paard Wageningen University & Research forests grazing historical ecology history management nature nature conservation plant succession rehabilitation vegetation bedrijfsvoering begrazing bossen geschiedenis herstel historische ecologie natuur natuurbescherming plantensuccessie vegetatie Doctoral thesis 1997 ftunivwagenin 2024-01-31T23:26:45Z This thesis is a literature study. It focuses on the theory that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe in prehistoric times before man intervened and that it would still be there had this intervention not taken place. The theory also states that man's intervention, notably the introduction of livestock, has led to the disappearence of this climax vegetation in a process known as retrogressive succession. By the grazing of livestock the forest was degraded to thorny scrub and ultimately to grassland. According to the theory, it will revert to its natural vegetation of closed forest systems once the grazing of livestock is stopped.The problem central to this study is that literature shows that pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ) , sessile oak ( Q. petraea ) and hazel ( Coryllus avellana ) do not regenerate and cannot survive in closed forest systems while pollen analyses show that these species were present continuously in Central and Western Europe for 10,000 years since the end of the ice age. On the other hand these species do regenerate in park-like landscapes in the presence of grazing by cattle and horses, domesticated descendants of wild progenitors, and deer in so called wood-pastures.The null hypothesis formulated in this thesis is that pedunculate oak, sessile oak and hazel have survived in the closed forest systems in the lowlands of Central and Western Europe and that the grazing of the indigenous large herbivores, such as aurochs ( Bos primigenius ), tarpan or European wild horse ( Equus przewalski gmelini ), European bison ( Bison bonasus ), Elk ( Alces alces ), red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), that inhabited these regions did not affect the composition of species or the succession of the forest in prehistoric times. The alternative hypothesis is that, in prehistoric times, the natural vegetation in the lowlands of Central and Western Europe was a park-like landscape, consisting of a mosaic of grasslands, scrub ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Alces alces Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library Eik ENVELOPE(6.668,6.668,62.627,62.627) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre): Digital Library |
op_collection_id |
ftunivwagenin |
language |
Dutch |
topic |
forests grazing historical ecology history management nature nature conservation plant succession rehabilitation vegetation bedrijfsvoering begrazing bossen geschiedenis herstel historische ecologie natuur natuurbescherming plantensuccessie vegetatie |
spellingShingle |
forests grazing historical ecology history management nature nature conservation plant succession rehabilitation vegetation bedrijfsvoering begrazing bossen geschiedenis herstel historische ecologie natuur natuurbescherming plantensuccessie vegetatie Vera, F.W.M. Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard |
topic_facet |
forests grazing historical ecology history management nature nature conservation plant succession rehabilitation vegetation bedrijfsvoering begrazing bossen geschiedenis herstel historische ecologie natuur natuurbescherming plantensuccessie vegetatie |
description |
This thesis is a literature study. It focuses on the theory that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe in prehistoric times before man intervened and that it would still be there had this intervention not taken place. The theory also states that man's intervention, notably the introduction of livestock, has led to the disappearence of this climax vegetation in a process known as retrogressive succession. By the grazing of livestock the forest was degraded to thorny scrub and ultimately to grassland. According to the theory, it will revert to its natural vegetation of closed forest systems once the grazing of livestock is stopped.The problem central to this study is that literature shows that pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ) , sessile oak ( Q. petraea ) and hazel ( Coryllus avellana ) do not regenerate and cannot survive in closed forest systems while pollen analyses show that these species were present continuously in Central and Western Europe for 10,000 years since the end of the ice age. On the other hand these species do regenerate in park-like landscapes in the presence of grazing by cattle and horses, domesticated descendants of wild progenitors, and deer in so called wood-pastures.The null hypothesis formulated in this thesis is that pedunculate oak, sessile oak and hazel have survived in the closed forest systems in the lowlands of Central and Western Europe and that the grazing of the indigenous large herbivores, such as aurochs ( Bos primigenius ), tarpan or European wild horse ( Equus przewalski gmelini ), European bison ( Bison bonasus ), Elk ( Alces alces ), red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), that inhabited these regions did not affect the composition of species or the succession of the forest in prehistoric times. The alternative hypothesis is that, in prehistoric times, the natural vegetation in the lowlands of Central and Western Europe was a park-like landscape, consisting of a mosaic of grasslands, scrub ... |
author2 |
Prins, H.H.T. Berendse, F. |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Vera, F.W.M. |
author_facet |
Vera, F.W.M. |
author_sort |
Vera, F.W.M. |
title |
Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard |
title_short |
Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard |
title_full |
Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard |
title_fullStr |
Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard |
title_sort |
metaforen voor de wildernis : eik, hazelaar, rund en paard |
publisher |
Helton Van Haeringen & Koninklijke Drukkerij De Swart |
publishDate |
1997 |
url |
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/metaforen-voor-de-wildernis-eik-hazelaar-rund-en-paard |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(6.668,6.668,62.627,62.627) |
geographic |
Eik |
geographic_facet |
Eik |
genre |
Alces alces |
genre_facet |
Alces alces |
op_relation |
https://edepot.wur.nl/212241 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/metaforen-voor-de-wildernis-eik-hazelaar-rund-en-paard |
op_rights |
Wageningen University & Research |
_version_ |
1792056018497175552 |