Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids
Greenland rainfall has come into focus as a climate change indicator and from a variety of emerging cryospheric impacts. This study first evaluates rainfall in five state-of-the-art numerical prediction systems (NPSs) (CARRA, ERA5, NHM-SMAP, RACMO, MAR) using in situ rainfall data from two regions s...
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ftunivutrecht:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/430926 2023-11-12T04:13:34+01:00 Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids Box, Jason E. Nielsen, Kristian P. Yang, Xiaohua Niwano, Masashi Wehrlé, Adrien van As, Dirk Fettweis, Xavier Køltzow, Morten A.Ø. Palmason, Bolli Fausto, Robert S. van den Broeke, Michiel R. Huai, Baojuan Ahlstrøm, Andreas P. Langley, Kirsty Dachauer, Armin Noël, Brice Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res Sub Dynamics Meteorology Marine and Atmospheric Research 2023-07-01 application/pdf https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/430926 en eng 1350-4827 https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/430926 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess CARRA extremes Greenland ice sheet rainfall Atmospheric Science Article 2023 ftunivutrecht 2023-11-01T23:30:51Z Greenland rainfall has come into focus as a climate change indicator and from a variety of emerging cryospheric impacts. This study first evaluates rainfall in five state-of-the-art numerical prediction systems (NPSs) (CARRA, ERA5, NHM-SMAP, RACMO, MAR) using in situ rainfall data from two regions spanning from land onto the ice sheet. The new EU Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Arctic Regional ReAnalysis (CARRA), with a relatively fine (2.5 km) horizontal grid spacing and extensive within-model-domain observational initialization, has the lowest average bias and highest explained variance relative to the field data. ERA5 inland wet bias versus CARRA is consistent with the field data and other research and is presumably due to more ERA5 topographic smoothing. A CARRA climatology 1991–2021 has rainfall increasing by more than one-third for the ice sheet and its peripheral ice masses. CARRA and in situ data illuminate extreme (above 300 mm per day) local rainfall episodes. A detailed examination CARRA data reveals the interplay of mass conservation that splits flow around southern Greenland and condensational buoyancy generation that maintains along-flow updraft ‘rapids’ 2 km above sea level, which produce rain bands within an atmospheric river interacting with Greenland. CARRA resolves gravity wave oscillations that initiate as a result of buoyancy offshore, which then amplify from terrain-forced uplift. In a detailed case study, CARRA resolves orographic intensification of rainfall by up to a factor of four, which is consistent with the field data. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Greenland Ice Sheet Utrecht University Repository |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Utrecht University Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivutrecht |
language |
English |
topic |
CARRA extremes Greenland ice sheet rainfall Atmospheric Science |
spellingShingle |
CARRA extremes Greenland ice sheet rainfall Atmospheric Science Box, Jason E. Nielsen, Kristian P. Yang, Xiaohua Niwano, Masashi Wehrlé, Adrien van As, Dirk Fettweis, Xavier Køltzow, Morten A.Ø. Palmason, Bolli Fausto, Robert S. van den Broeke, Michiel R. Huai, Baojuan Ahlstrøm, Andreas P. Langley, Kirsty Dachauer, Armin Noël, Brice Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids |
topic_facet |
CARRA extremes Greenland ice sheet rainfall Atmospheric Science |
description |
Greenland rainfall has come into focus as a climate change indicator and from a variety of emerging cryospheric impacts. This study first evaluates rainfall in five state-of-the-art numerical prediction systems (NPSs) (CARRA, ERA5, NHM-SMAP, RACMO, MAR) using in situ rainfall data from two regions spanning from land onto the ice sheet. The new EU Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Arctic Regional ReAnalysis (CARRA), with a relatively fine (2.5 km) horizontal grid spacing and extensive within-model-domain observational initialization, has the lowest average bias and highest explained variance relative to the field data. ERA5 inland wet bias versus CARRA is consistent with the field data and other research and is presumably due to more ERA5 topographic smoothing. A CARRA climatology 1991–2021 has rainfall increasing by more than one-third for the ice sheet and its peripheral ice masses. CARRA and in situ data illuminate extreme (above 300 mm per day) local rainfall episodes. A detailed examination CARRA data reveals the interplay of mass conservation that splits flow around southern Greenland and condensational buoyancy generation that maintains along-flow updraft ‘rapids’ 2 km above sea level, which produce rain bands within an atmospheric river interacting with Greenland. CARRA resolves gravity wave oscillations that initiate as a result of buoyancy offshore, which then amplify from terrain-forced uplift. In a detailed case study, CARRA resolves orographic intensification of rainfall by up to a factor of four, which is consistent with the field data. |
author2 |
Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res Sub Dynamics Meteorology Marine and Atmospheric Research |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Box, Jason E. Nielsen, Kristian P. Yang, Xiaohua Niwano, Masashi Wehrlé, Adrien van As, Dirk Fettweis, Xavier Køltzow, Morten A.Ø. Palmason, Bolli Fausto, Robert S. van den Broeke, Michiel R. Huai, Baojuan Ahlstrøm, Andreas P. Langley, Kirsty Dachauer, Armin Noël, Brice |
author_facet |
Box, Jason E. Nielsen, Kristian P. Yang, Xiaohua Niwano, Masashi Wehrlé, Adrien van As, Dirk Fettweis, Xavier Køltzow, Morten A.Ø. Palmason, Bolli Fausto, Robert S. van den Broeke, Michiel R. Huai, Baojuan Ahlstrøm, Andreas P. Langley, Kirsty Dachauer, Armin Noël, Brice |
author_sort |
Box, Jason E. |
title |
Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids |
title_short |
Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids |
title_full |
Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids |
title_fullStr |
Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids |
title_full_unstemmed |
Greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids |
title_sort |
greenland ice sheet rainfall climatology, extremes and atmospheric river rapids |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/430926 |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Greenland Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Greenland Ice Sheet |
op_relation |
1350-4827 https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/430926 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1782331505765253120 |