Greenland's contribution to global sea-level rise by the end of the 21st century

• Main Authors: Graversen, R. G., Drijfhout, S., Hazeleger, W., van de Wal, R.S.W., Bintanja, R., Helsen, M.
• Other Authors: Marine and Atmospheric Research, Dep Natuurkunde
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2011
• Subjects: Sea-level-rise projection; Greenland ice sheet; Outlet glacier; Ice-sheet modeling; Greenland; glacier; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/202694

The Greenland ice sheet holds enough water to raise the global sea level with ∼7 m. Over the last few decades, observations manifest a substantial increase of the mass loss of this ice sheet. Both enhanced melting and increase of the dynamical discharge, associated with calving at the outlet-glacier fronts, are contributing to the mass imbalance. Using a dynamical and thermodynamical ice-sheet model, and taking into account speed up of outlet glaciers, we estimate Greenland's contribution to the 21st-century global sea-level rise and the uncertainty of this estimate. Boundary fields of temperature and precipitation extracted from coupled climate-model projections used for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, are applied to the ice-sheet model. We implement a simple parameterization for increased flow of outlet glaciers, which decreases the bias of the modeled present-day surface height. It also allows for taking into account the observed recent increase in dynamical discharge, and it can be used for future projections associated with outlet-glacier speed up. Greenland contributes 0-17 cm to global sea-level rise by the end of the 21st century. This range includes the uncertainties in climate-model projections, the uncertainty associated with scenarios of greenhouse-gas emissions, as well as the uncertainties in future outlet-glacier discharge. In addition, the range takes into account the uncertainty of the ice-sheet model and its boundary fields