| Summary: | The species composition and population structure of small mammal communities (Rodentia, Lagomorpha) are reconstructed on the base of about 9400 cheek teeth received from the loose deposits of the Chernorechka, Chernorechka-2 (51º32´N, 56º43´E) caves and rock shelters Verbluzhka-1, Verbluzhka-2 (51º23´N, 56º48´E) located in the Ural-Sakmara interfluve. 30 rodent and 1 pika taxon were discovered there, four of them disappeared from the area: yellow steppe lemming, small jerboa, lesser five-toed jerboa, garden dormouse. The nine stages of small mammal community development were revealed: from the typical Late Neopleistocene steppe type to the Holocene steppe types with a dominance of the common vole, mole vole with the yellow steppe lemming and later with a dominance of the common hamster and sometimes birch mouse in the core. The share of the xerophilous elements (steppe and semidesert species) decreased from the Late Neopleistocene to the Late Holocene and increased in the last dozen years that reflect the regional peculiarities of steppe ecosystems. The work is supported by RFBR project № 14-04-00120. Представлены результаты изучения остатков мелких млекопитающих позднего неоплейстоцена и голоцена на Южном Урале. Работа выполнена при поддержке проекта РФФИ № 14-04-00120.
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