| Summary: | Addressing biocomplexity in fisheries management is a challenge requiring an ability to differentiate among distinct populations contributing to fisheries. We produced extensive genetic baseline data involving 36 sampling locations and 33 microsatellite markers, which allowed characterization of the genetic structure and diversity in a large Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) population complex of the River Teno system, northernmost Europe. Altogether, we identified 28 hierarchically structured and genetically distinct population segments (global F ST = 0.065) corresponding exceptionally well with their geographical locations. An assessment of factors affecting the stock identification accuracy indicated that the identification success is largely defined by the interaction of genetic divergence and the baseline sample sizes. The choice between the two statistical methods tested for performance in genetic stock identification, ONCOR and cBAYES, was not critical, albeit the latter demonstrated slightly higher identification accuracy and lower sensitivity to population composition of the mixture sample. The strong genetic structuring among populations together with a powerful marker system allowed for accurate stock identification of individuals and enabled assessment of stock compositions contributing to mixed-stock fisheries.
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