Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae
Macroalgae occur in the marine benthos from the upper intertidal to depths of more than 200 m, contributing up to 1 Pg C per year to global primary productivity. Freshwater macroalgae are mainly green (Chlorophyta) with some red (Rhodophyta) and a small contribution of brown (Phaeophyceae) algae, wh...
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ftunivtsydney:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/114240 2023-05-15T17:52:07+02:00 Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae Raven, JA Hurd, CL 2012-09-01 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10453/114240 unknown Photosynthesis Research 10.1007/s11120-012-9768-z Photosynthesis Research, 2012, 113 (1-3), pp. 105 - 125 0166-8595 http://hdl.handle.net/10453/114240 Plant Biology & Botany Seaweed Carbon Ultraviolet Rays Photosynthesis Diffusion Ecological and Environmental Phenomena Journal Article 2012 ftunivtsydney 2022-03-13T13:57:12Z Macroalgae occur in the marine benthos from the upper intertidal to depths of more than 200 m, contributing up to 1 Pg C per year to global primary productivity. Freshwater macroalgae are mainly green (Chlorophyta) with some red (Rhodophyta) and a small contribution of brown (Phaeophyceae) algae, while in the ocean all three higher taxa are important. Attempts to relate the depth distribution of three higher taxa of marine macroalgae to their photosynthetic light use through their pigmentation in relation to variations in spectral quality of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with depth (complementary chromatic adaptation) and optical thickness (package effect) have been relatively unsuccessful. The presence (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae) or absence (Rhodophyta) of a xanthophyll cycle is also not well correlated with depth distribution of marine algae. The relative absence of freshwater brown algae does not seem to be related to their photosynthetic light use. Photosynthetic inorganic carbon acquisition in some red and a few green macroalgae involves entry of CO2 by diffusion. Other red and green macroalgae, and brown macroalgae, have CO2 concentrating mechanisms; these frequently involve acid and alkaline zones on the surface of the alga with CO2 (produced from HCO3-) entering in the acid zones, while some macroalgae have CCMs based on active influx of HCO3-. These various mechanisms of carbon acquisition have different responses to the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer, which is determined by macroalgal morphology and water velocity. Energetic predictions that macroalgae growing at or near the lower limit of PAR for growth should rely on diffusive CO2 entry without acid and alkaline zones, and on NH 4+ rather than NO3- as nitrogen source, are only partially borne out by observation. The impact of global environmental change on marine macroalgae mainly relates to ocean acidification and warming with shoaling of the thermocline and decreased nutrient flux to the upper mixed layer. Predictions of the impact on macroalgae requires further experiments on interactions among increased inorganic carbon, increased temperature and decreased nitrogen and phosphorus supply, and, when possible, studies of genetic adaptation to environmental change. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification University of Technology Sydney: OPUS - Open Publications of UTS Scholars |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Technology Sydney: OPUS - Open Publications of UTS Scholars |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtsydney |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Plant Biology & Botany Seaweed Carbon Ultraviolet Rays Photosynthesis Diffusion Ecological and Environmental Phenomena |
spellingShingle |
Plant Biology & Botany Seaweed Carbon Ultraviolet Rays Photosynthesis Diffusion Ecological and Environmental Phenomena Raven, JA Hurd, CL Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae |
topic_facet |
Plant Biology & Botany Seaweed Carbon Ultraviolet Rays Photosynthesis Diffusion Ecological and Environmental Phenomena |
description |
Macroalgae occur in the marine benthos from the upper intertidal to depths of more than 200 m, contributing up to 1 Pg C per year to global primary productivity. Freshwater macroalgae are mainly green (Chlorophyta) with some red (Rhodophyta) and a small contribution of brown (Phaeophyceae) algae, while in the ocean all three higher taxa are important. Attempts to relate the depth distribution of three higher taxa of marine macroalgae to their photosynthetic light use through their pigmentation in relation to variations in spectral quality of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with depth (complementary chromatic adaptation) and optical thickness (package effect) have been relatively unsuccessful. The presence (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae) or absence (Rhodophyta) of a xanthophyll cycle is also not well correlated with depth distribution of marine algae. The relative absence of freshwater brown algae does not seem to be related to their photosynthetic light use. Photosynthetic inorganic carbon acquisition in some red and a few green macroalgae involves entry of CO2 by diffusion. Other red and green macroalgae, and brown macroalgae, have CO2 concentrating mechanisms; these frequently involve acid and alkaline zones on the surface of the alga with CO2 (produced from HCO3-) entering in the acid zones, while some macroalgae have CCMs based on active influx of HCO3-. These various mechanisms of carbon acquisition have different responses to the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer, which is determined by macroalgal morphology and water velocity. Energetic predictions that macroalgae growing at or near the lower limit of PAR for growth should rely on diffusive CO2 entry without acid and alkaline zones, and on NH 4+ rather than NO3- as nitrogen source, are only partially borne out by observation. The impact of global environmental change on marine macroalgae mainly relates to ocean acidification and warming with shoaling of the thermocline and decreased nutrient flux to the upper mixed layer. Predictions of the impact on macroalgae requires further experiments on interactions among increased inorganic carbon, increased temperature and decreased nitrogen and phosphorus supply, and, when possible, studies of genetic adaptation to environmental change. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Raven, JA Hurd, CL |
author_facet |
Raven, JA Hurd, CL |
author_sort |
Raven, JA |
title |
Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae |
title_short |
Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae |
title_full |
Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae |
title_fullStr |
Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae |
title_sort |
ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10453/114240 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
Photosynthesis Research 10.1007/s11120-012-9768-z Photosynthesis Research, 2012, 113 (1-3), pp. 105 - 125 0166-8595 http://hdl.handle.net/10453/114240 |
_version_ |
1766159459520872448 |