Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)
The Greenland shark (Squaliformes, Somniosus microcephalus) is the largest fish living in Arctic waters, but little is known about its biology. This species lives for at least 272 years and is listed as a near threatened species on the IUCN´s Red list of Threatened Species. As S. microcephalus is th...
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UiT Norges arktiske universitet
2016
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/9583 2023-05-15T13:58:43+02:00 Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) Santaquiteria Gil, Aintzane 2016-07-10 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/9583 eng eng UiT Norges arktiske universitet UiT The Arctic University of Norway https://hdl.handle.net/10037/9583 openAccess Copyright 2016 The Author(s) VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::Genetics and genomics: 474 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 BIO-3950 Master thesis Mastergradsoppgave 2016 ftunivtroemsoe 2021-06-25T17:54:53Z The Greenland shark (Squaliformes, Somniosus microcephalus) is the largest fish living in Arctic waters, but little is known about its biology. This species lives for at least 272 years and is listed as a near threatened species on the IUCN´s Red list of Threatened Species. As S. microcephalus is the oldest living vertebrate species, it is important to strive for its conservation. The aim of the study was to sequence and provide the first characterization of the S. microcephalus mitogenome, in order to accurately determine the phylogenetic position of this elusive species. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a widely used tool for phylogenetic analysis, as it is not subjected to recombination (maternal inheritance) and is relatively easy to amplify. Using next generation sequencing, the size of the S. microcephalus mitogenome was estimated to 16,730 bp. The mitogenome was composed by 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). This composition resembles what have been observed for other vertebrate mitogenomes. In the comparative phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomes of 17 related shark species, S. microcephalus was positioned as a sister species of the Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus). The single genes provided more incongruent topologies for phylogenetic reconstructions than when the mitogenome was used. Divergence time estimates confirmed that S. microcephalus and S. pacificus diverged 3.5 million years ago (Mya). Less than 1 % of nucleotide difference and a recent indication of gene flow between these close related species, suggested to be a single species. The results suggested a possible continuous distribution of the Somniosus subgenus (S. microcephalus, S. pacificus and S. antarcticus) across the globe. The availability of S. microcephalus mitogenome will contribute to aid further studies of phylogeography, population structure and conservation genetics in this species and sleeper sharks in general. Master Thesis Antarc* antarcticus Arctic Greenland Somniosus microcephalus University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Greenland Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::Genetics and genomics: 474 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 BIO-3950 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::Genetics and genomics: 474 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 BIO-3950 Santaquiteria Gil, Aintzane Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::Genetics and genomics: 474 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 BIO-3950 |
description |
The Greenland shark (Squaliformes, Somniosus microcephalus) is the largest fish living in Arctic waters, but little is known about its biology. This species lives for at least 272 years and is listed as a near threatened species on the IUCN´s Red list of Threatened Species. As S. microcephalus is the oldest living vertebrate species, it is important to strive for its conservation. The aim of the study was to sequence and provide the first characterization of the S. microcephalus mitogenome, in order to accurately determine the phylogenetic position of this elusive species. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a widely used tool for phylogenetic analysis, as it is not subjected to recombination (maternal inheritance) and is relatively easy to amplify. Using next generation sequencing, the size of the S. microcephalus mitogenome was estimated to 16,730 bp. The mitogenome was composed by 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). This composition resembles what have been observed for other vertebrate mitogenomes. In the comparative phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomes of 17 related shark species, S. microcephalus was positioned as a sister species of the Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus). The single genes provided more incongruent topologies for phylogenetic reconstructions than when the mitogenome was used. Divergence time estimates confirmed that S. microcephalus and S. pacificus diverged 3.5 million years ago (Mya). Less than 1 % of nucleotide difference and a recent indication of gene flow between these close related species, suggested to be a single species. The results suggested a possible continuous distribution of the Somniosus subgenus (S. microcephalus, S. pacificus and S. antarcticus) across the globe. The availability of S. microcephalus mitogenome will contribute to aid further studies of phylogeography, population structure and conservation genetics in this species and sleeper sharks in general. |
format |
Master Thesis |
author |
Santaquiteria Gil, Aintzane |
author_facet |
Santaquiteria Gil, Aintzane |
author_sort |
Santaquiteria Gil, Aintzane |
title |
Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) |
title_short |
Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) |
title_full |
Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) |
title_fullStr |
Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) |
title_sort |
mitogenomic characterization and phylogenetic position of the oldest living vertebrate species - the greenland shark (somniosus microcephalus) |
publisher |
UiT Norges arktiske universitet |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/9583 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland Pacific |
genre |
Antarc* antarcticus Arctic Greenland Somniosus microcephalus |
genre_facet |
Antarc* antarcticus Arctic Greenland Somniosus microcephalus |
op_relation |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/9583 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2016 The Author(s) |
_version_ |
1766267058866094080 |