Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome
This is the published version of the article. Published source: http://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 . According to some treatises, arctic and alpine sub-biomes are ecologically similar, whereas others find them highly dissimilar. Most peculiarly, large areas of northern tundra highlands fall outside of...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/8567 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/8567 2023-05-15T14:55:22+02:00 Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Kalervo Oksanen, Tarja Maarit Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans 2015-12-15 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/8567 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 eng eng Wiley Ecology and Evolution 2015 FRIDAID 1301697 doi:10.1002/ece3.1837 2045-7758 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/8567 URN:NBN:no-uit_munin_8128 openAccess Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed 2015 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 2021-06-25T17:54:32Z This is the published version of the article. Published source: http://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 . According to some treatises, arctic and alpine sub-biomes are ecologically similar, whereas others find them highly dissimilar. Most peculiarly, large areas of northern tundra highlands fall outside of the two recent subdivisions of the tundra biome. We seek an ecologically natural resolution to this long-standing and far-reaching problem. We studied broad-scale patterns in climate and vegetation along the gradient from Siberian tundra via northernmost Fennoscandia to the alpine habitats of European middle-latitude mountains, as well as explored those patterns within Fennoscandian tundra based on climate–vegetation patterns obtained from a fine-scale vegetation map. Our analyses reveal that ecologically meaningful January–February snow and thermal conditions differ between different types of tundra. High precipitation and mild winter temperatures prevail on middle-latitude mountains, low precipitation and usually cold winters prevail on high-latitude tundra, and Scandinavian mountains show intermediate conditions. Similarly, heath-like plant communities differ clearly between middle latitude mountains (alpine) and high-latitude tundra vegetation, including its altitudinal extension on Scandinavian mountains. Conversely, high abundance of snowbeds and large differences in the composition of dwarf shrub heaths distinguish the Scandinavian mountain tundra from its counterparts in Russia and the north Fennoscandian inland. The European tundra areas fall into three ecologically rather homogeneous categories: the arctic tundra, the oroarctic tundra of northern heights and mountains, and the genuinely alpine tundra of middlelatitude mountains. Attempts to divide the tundra into two sub-biomes have resulted in major discrepancies and confusions, as the oroarctic areas are included in the arctic tundra in some biogeographic maps and in the alpine tundra in others. Our analyses based on climate and vegetation criteria thus seem to resolve the long-standing biome delimitation problem, help in consistent characterization of research sites, and create a basis for further biogeographic and ecological research in global tundra environments. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Tundra University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Ecology and Evolution 6 1 143 158 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 |
spellingShingle |
Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Kalervo Oksanen, Tarja Maarit Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
topic_facet |
Alpine arctic biome delimitation ecoregion mountains tundra ecosystems vegetation pattern winter climate VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 |
description |
This is the published version of the article. Published source: http://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 . According to some treatises, arctic and alpine sub-biomes are ecologically similar, whereas others find them highly dissimilar. Most peculiarly, large areas of northern tundra highlands fall outside of the two recent subdivisions of the tundra biome. We seek an ecologically natural resolution to this long-standing and far-reaching problem. We studied broad-scale patterns in climate and vegetation along the gradient from Siberian tundra via northernmost Fennoscandia to the alpine habitats of European middle-latitude mountains, as well as explored those patterns within Fennoscandian tundra based on climate–vegetation patterns obtained from a fine-scale vegetation map. Our analyses reveal that ecologically meaningful January–February snow and thermal conditions differ between different types of tundra. High precipitation and mild winter temperatures prevail on middle-latitude mountains, low precipitation and usually cold winters prevail on high-latitude tundra, and Scandinavian mountains show intermediate conditions. Similarly, heath-like plant communities differ clearly between middle latitude mountains (alpine) and high-latitude tundra vegetation, including its altitudinal extension on Scandinavian mountains. Conversely, high abundance of snowbeds and large differences in the composition of dwarf shrub heaths distinguish the Scandinavian mountain tundra from its counterparts in Russia and the north Fennoscandian inland. The European tundra areas fall into three ecologically rather homogeneous categories: the arctic tundra, the oroarctic tundra of northern heights and mountains, and the genuinely alpine tundra of middlelatitude mountains. Attempts to divide the tundra into two sub-biomes have resulted in major discrepancies and confusions, as the oroarctic areas are included in the arctic tundra in some biogeographic maps and in the alpine tundra in others. Our analyses based on climate and vegetation criteria thus seem to resolve the long-standing biome delimitation problem, help in consistent characterization of research sites, and create a basis for further biogeographic and ecological research in global tundra environments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Kalervo Oksanen, Tarja Maarit Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans |
author_facet |
Virtanen, Risto Oksanen, Lauri Kalervo Oksanen, Tarja Maarit Cohen, Juval Forbes, Bruce C. Johansen, Bernt Käyhkö, Jukka Olofsson, Johan Pulliainen, Jouni Tømmervik, Hans |
author_sort |
Virtanen, Risto |
title |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_short |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_full |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_fullStr |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
title_sort |
where do the treeless tundra areas of northern highlands fit in the global biome system: toward an ecologically natural subdivision of the tundra biome |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/8567 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Tundra |
op_relation |
Ecology and Evolution 2015 FRIDAID 1301697 doi:10.1002/ece3.1837 2045-7758 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/8567 URN:NBN:no-uit_munin_8128 |
op_rights |
openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1837 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
143 |
op_container_end_page |
158 |
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1766327174730612736 |