Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer
Paper 3 of the thesis is not available in Munin: 3. Bjerkaas E, Parajuli R, Engeland A, Maskarinec G, Weiderpass E, Gram IT: 'Social inequalities and smoking-associated breast cancer – results from a prospective cohort study', submitted manuscript. Summary: According to the WHO, breast can...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/6799 |
id |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/6799 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/6799 2023-05-15T18:34:57+02:00 Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer Bjerkaas, Eivind 2014-10-24 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/6799 eng eng UiT The Arctic University of Norway UiT Norges arktiske universitet ISM skriftserie; 153 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/6799 URN:NBN:no-uit_munin_6399 openAccess Copyright 2014 The Author(s) epidemiology people health VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Oncology: 762 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Onkologi: 762 The Tromsø Study Tromsøundersøkelsen DOKTOR-003 Doctoral thesis Doktorgradsavhandling 2014 ftunivtroemsoe 2023-03-02T00:04:23Z Paper 3 of the thesis is not available in Munin: 3. Bjerkaas E, Parajuli R, Engeland A, Maskarinec G, Weiderpass E, Gram IT: 'Social inequalities and smoking-associated breast cancer – results from a prospective cohort study', submitted manuscript. Summary: According to the WHO, breast cancer is by far the most frequently diagnosed cancer, and the most frequent cause of cancer death among women in the world. Tobacco smoking is the single largest cause of cancer worldwide and has been linked to cancer in most organ systems. The aim of this thesis was to illuminate the association between smoking and breast cancer incidence, mortality, and to study the socioeconomic consequences of smoking-associated breast cancer in a large Norwegian cohort with a high number of female smokers. In Paper I we investigated the association between active smoking and breast cancer incidence. We found an increased risk of 15% for ever smokers overall, as well as an increased breast cancer risk with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking duration, number of pack-years smoked, and lower age at smoking initiation. We found an increasing risk with longer smoking duration before first childbirth, and no increased risk among those who started to smoke after first childbirth. In Paper II we investigated the association between smoking and breast cancer mortality, which revealed a 15% increased risk of breast cancer mortality for ever smokers. Most of the results for the different smoking exposures considered were not statistically significant. In Paper III, we used level of education as a validated measure of socioeconomic status, and investigated whether level of education had an impact on the risk of smoking-associated breast cancer. We did not find an increased risk of smoking-associated breast cancer in women with high level of education, but we were able to confirm that smoking before first childbirth remains a risk factor for breast cancer, regardless of educational achievement. Smoking-associated breast cancer does ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Tromsø University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Tromsø Bjerkaas ENVELOPE(16.905,16.905,68.499,68.499) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
epidemiology people health VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Oncology: 762 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Onkologi: 762 The Tromsø Study Tromsøundersøkelsen DOKTOR-003 |
spellingShingle |
epidemiology people health VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Oncology: 762 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Onkologi: 762 The Tromsø Study Tromsøundersøkelsen DOKTOR-003 Bjerkaas, Eivind Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer |
topic_facet |
epidemiology people health VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Oncology: 762 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Onkologi: 762 The Tromsø Study Tromsøundersøkelsen DOKTOR-003 |
description |
Paper 3 of the thesis is not available in Munin: 3. Bjerkaas E, Parajuli R, Engeland A, Maskarinec G, Weiderpass E, Gram IT: 'Social inequalities and smoking-associated breast cancer – results from a prospective cohort study', submitted manuscript. Summary: According to the WHO, breast cancer is by far the most frequently diagnosed cancer, and the most frequent cause of cancer death among women in the world. Tobacco smoking is the single largest cause of cancer worldwide and has been linked to cancer in most organ systems. The aim of this thesis was to illuminate the association between smoking and breast cancer incidence, mortality, and to study the socioeconomic consequences of smoking-associated breast cancer in a large Norwegian cohort with a high number of female smokers. In Paper I we investigated the association between active smoking and breast cancer incidence. We found an increased risk of 15% for ever smokers overall, as well as an increased breast cancer risk with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking duration, number of pack-years smoked, and lower age at smoking initiation. We found an increasing risk with longer smoking duration before first childbirth, and no increased risk among those who started to smoke after first childbirth. In Paper II we investigated the association between smoking and breast cancer mortality, which revealed a 15% increased risk of breast cancer mortality for ever smokers. Most of the results for the different smoking exposures considered were not statistically significant. In Paper III, we used level of education as a validated measure of socioeconomic status, and investigated whether level of education had an impact on the risk of smoking-associated breast cancer. We did not find an increased risk of smoking-associated breast cancer in women with high level of education, but we were able to confirm that smoking before first childbirth remains a risk factor for breast cancer, regardless of educational achievement. Smoking-associated breast cancer does ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Bjerkaas, Eivind |
author_facet |
Bjerkaas, Eivind |
author_sort |
Bjerkaas, Eivind |
title |
Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer |
title_short |
Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer |
title_full |
Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer |
title_fullStr |
Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aspects of Active Smoking and Breast Cancer |
title_sort |
aspects of active smoking and breast cancer |
publisher |
UiT The Arctic University of Norway |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/6799 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(16.905,16.905,68.499,68.499) |
geographic |
Tromsø Bjerkaas |
geographic_facet |
Tromsø Bjerkaas |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_relation |
ISM skriftserie; 153 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/6799 URN:NBN:no-uit_munin_6399 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2014 The Author(s) |
_version_ |
1766219963204370432 |