Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens
We focused on the responses of two arms of the Atlantic salmon immune system against intracellular pathogens: the antibody (Ab) production by B cells after challenge with the facultative intracellular bacterium Pisciricketsia salmonis and the interferon (IFN) responses in a salmonid cell line agains...
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Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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UiT The Arctic University of Norway
2023
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28518 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/28518 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
923 Atlantic salmon Piscirickettsia salmonis B cells Antibody responses Interferon responses Fish vaccination PRR signaling CRISPR-Cas Peritoneal cavity DOKTOR-002 |
spellingShingle |
923 Atlantic salmon Piscirickettsia salmonis B cells Antibody responses Interferon responses Fish vaccination PRR signaling CRISPR-Cas Peritoneal cavity DOKTOR-002 van der Wal, Yorick Andreas Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens |
topic_facet |
923 Atlantic salmon Piscirickettsia salmonis B cells Antibody responses Interferon responses Fish vaccination PRR signaling CRISPR-Cas Peritoneal cavity DOKTOR-002 |
description |
We focused on the responses of two arms of the Atlantic salmon immune system against intracellular pathogens: the antibody (Ab) production by B cells after challenge with the facultative intracellular bacterium Pisciricketsia salmonis and the interferon (IFN) responses in a salmonid cell line against salmon alphavirus (SAV), infectious necrotic pancreas virus (IPNV), and P. salmonis . We developed tools and generated knowledge on these immune responses to contribute to the development of effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens, focusing on P. salmonis . We induced CRISPR-Cas knock outs (KOs) in the salmonid cell line CHSE-214 for IRF3, IRF7, and MAVS. The induction of IFN responses was disrupted in the IRF3 and MAVS KOs, while we did not observe effects of similar magnitude in the IRF7 KO. Although replication of SAV was positively affected in the KOs with disrupted IFN induction, IPNV replication and P. salmonis growth were negatively affected by these KOs. To investigate Ab production after P. salmonis infection of Atlantic salmon, we developed two intraperitoneal challenge models. In the first study, we observed a significant increase in anti- P. salmonis serum Abs at 14 weeks post challenge (wpc), but not at 18 wpc. The fish were protected against a secondary challenge at 14 wpc, while the protection might have been reduced at 18 wpc. In the second in vivo study, we investigated the origin and specificity of early Ab responses using ELISpot and ELISA assays. The intraperitoneal challenge resulted in a major increase of leukocytes, total IgM Ab secreting cells (ASC), and anti- P. salmonis ASC in the peritoneal cavity (PerC), compared to the head kidney and spleen. Furthermore, we observed an early increase of non-specific Ab production, while specific Abs dominated the later time point. We discuss how our findings fit together in a model of specific and non-specific activation of B cells through B cell receptors and pattern recognition receptors, respectively, which could explain the early presence ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
van der Wal, Yorick Andreas |
author_facet |
van der Wal, Yorick Andreas |
author_sort |
van der Wal, Yorick Andreas |
title |
Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens |
title_short |
Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens |
title_full |
Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens |
title_fullStr |
Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens |
title_sort |
atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens |
publisher |
UiT The Arctic University of Norway |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28518 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(143.432,143.432,75.709,75.709) ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Kos Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Kos Sav’ |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
Paper I: van der Wal, Y.A., Krossøy, B., Mancilla, M., Jørgensen, J.B. & Kool, J. Antibody response after intraperitoneal Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in Atlantic salmon: duration and protection. Short communication. (Manuscript). Paper II: van der Wal, Y.A., Jenberie, S., Nordli, H., Greiner-Tollersrud, L., Kool, Jensen, I. & Jørgensen, J.B. (2021). The importance of the Atlantic salmon peritoneal cavity B cell response: Local IgM secreting cells are predominant upon Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 123 , 104125. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2021.104125 . Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23810 . Paper III: van der Wal, Y.A., Jenberie, S., Nordli, H., Akandwanaho, A., Greiner-Tollersrud, L., Kool, J. & Jørgensen, J.B. CRISPR-Cas induced IRF3 and MAVS knockouts in a salmonid cell line disrupt PRR signaling and affect viral replication. (Manuscript). Paper IV: van der Wal, Y.A., Akandwanaho, A., Nordli, H., Greiner-Tollersrud, L., Kool, J. & Jørgensen, J.B. Piscirickettsia salmonis growth in the salmonid cell line CHSE-214 is affected by IRF7, IRF3, and MAVS knockouts. Short communication. (Manuscript). 978-82-8266-240-6 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28518 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2023 The Author(s) |
_version_ |
1766361353561309184 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/28518 2023-05-15T15:30:53+02:00 Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens van der Wal, Yorick Andreas 2023-02-21 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28518 eng eng UiT The Arctic University of Norway UiT Norges arktiske universitet Paper I: van der Wal, Y.A., Krossøy, B., Mancilla, M., Jørgensen, J.B. & Kool, J. Antibody response after intraperitoneal Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in Atlantic salmon: duration and protection. Short communication. (Manuscript). Paper II: van der Wal, Y.A., Jenberie, S., Nordli, H., Greiner-Tollersrud, L., Kool, Jensen, I. & Jørgensen, J.B. (2021). The importance of the Atlantic salmon peritoneal cavity B cell response: Local IgM secreting cells are predominant upon Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 123 , 104125. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2021.104125 . Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/23810 . Paper III: van der Wal, Y.A., Jenberie, S., Nordli, H., Akandwanaho, A., Greiner-Tollersrud, L., Kool, J. & Jørgensen, J.B. CRISPR-Cas induced IRF3 and MAVS knockouts in a salmonid cell line disrupt PRR signaling and affect viral replication. (Manuscript). Paper IV: van der Wal, Y.A., Akandwanaho, A., Nordli, H., Greiner-Tollersrud, L., Kool, J. & Jørgensen, J.B. Piscirickettsia salmonis growth in the salmonid cell line CHSE-214 is affected by IRF7, IRF3, and MAVS knockouts. Short communication. (Manuscript). 978-82-8266-240-6 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28518 openAccess Copyright 2023 The Author(s) 923 Atlantic salmon Piscirickettsia salmonis B cells Antibody responses Interferon responses Fish vaccination PRR signaling CRISPR-Cas Peritoneal cavity DOKTOR-002 Doctoral thesis Doktorgradsavhandling 2023 ftunivtroemsoe 2023-02-09T00:03:55Z We focused on the responses of two arms of the Atlantic salmon immune system against intracellular pathogens: the antibody (Ab) production by B cells after challenge with the facultative intracellular bacterium Pisciricketsia salmonis and the interferon (IFN) responses in a salmonid cell line against salmon alphavirus (SAV), infectious necrotic pancreas virus (IPNV), and P. salmonis . We developed tools and generated knowledge on these immune responses to contribute to the development of effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens, focusing on P. salmonis . We induced CRISPR-Cas knock outs (KOs) in the salmonid cell line CHSE-214 for IRF3, IRF7, and MAVS. The induction of IFN responses was disrupted in the IRF3 and MAVS KOs, while we did not observe effects of similar magnitude in the IRF7 KO. Although replication of SAV was positively affected in the KOs with disrupted IFN induction, IPNV replication and P. salmonis growth were negatively affected by these KOs. To investigate Ab production after P. salmonis infection of Atlantic salmon, we developed two intraperitoneal challenge models. In the first study, we observed a significant increase in anti- P. salmonis serum Abs at 14 weeks post challenge (wpc), but not at 18 wpc. The fish were protected against a secondary challenge at 14 wpc, while the protection might have been reduced at 18 wpc. In the second in vivo study, we investigated the origin and specificity of early Ab responses using ELISpot and ELISA assays. The intraperitoneal challenge resulted in a major increase of leukocytes, total IgM Ab secreting cells (ASC), and anti- P. salmonis ASC in the peritoneal cavity (PerC), compared to the head kidney and spleen. Furthermore, we observed an early increase of non-specific Ab production, while specific Abs dominated the later time point. We discuss how our findings fit together in a model of specific and non-specific activation of B cells through B cell receptors and pattern recognition receptors, respectively, which could explain the early presence ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Atlantic salmon University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Kos ENVELOPE(143.432,143.432,75.709,75.709) Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |