Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds
While foraging, marine mammals undertake repetitive diving bouts. When the animal surfaces, reperfusion makes oxygen readily available for the electron transport chain, which leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and risk of oxidative damage. In blood and several tissues, such as...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28262 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/28262 2023-05-15T15:59:53+02:00 Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds Martens, Gerrit A. Folkow, Lars Burmester, Thorsten Geßner, Cornelia 2022-12-16 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28262 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 eng eng Frontiers Media Frontiers in Physiology Martens, Folkow, Burmester, Geßner. Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds. Frontiers in Physiology. 2022;13:1-18 FRIDAID 2106882 doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 1664-042X https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28262 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2022 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 2023-01-19T00:03:05Z While foraging, marine mammals undertake repetitive diving bouts. When the animal surfaces, reperfusion makes oxygen readily available for the electron transport chain, which leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and risk of oxidative damage. In blood and several tissues, such as heart, lung, muscle and kidney, marine mammals generally exhibit an elevated antioxidant defence. However, the brain, whose functional integrity is critical to survival, has received little attention. We previously observed an enhanced expression of several antioxidant genes in cortical neurons of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata). Here, we studied antioxidant gene expression and enzymatic activity in the visual cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded seals. Moreover, we tested several genes for positive selection. We found that antioxidants in the first line of defence, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione (GSH) were constitutively enhanced in the seal brain compared to mice (Mus musculus), whereas the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems were not. Possibly, the activity of the latter systems is stress-induced rather than constitutively elevated. Further, some, but not all members, of the glutathiones-transferase (GST) family appear more highly expressed. We found no signatures of positive selection, indicating that sequence and function of the studied antioxidants are conserved in pinnipeds. Article in Journal/Newspaper Cystophora cristata Pagophilus groenlandicus University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Frontiers in Physiology 13 |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
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English |
description |
While foraging, marine mammals undertake repetitive diving bouts. When the animal surfaces, reperfusion makes oxygen readily available for the electron transport chain, which leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and risk of oxidative damage. In blood and several tissues, such as heart, lung, muscle and kidney, marine mammals generally exhibit an elevated antioxidant defence. However, the brain, whose functional integrity is critical to survival, has received little attention. We previously observed an enhanced expression of several antioxidant genes in cortical neurons of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata). Here, we studied antioxidant gene expression and enzymatic activity in the visual cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded seals. Moreover, we tested several genes for positive selection. We found that antioxidants in the first line of defence, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione (GSH) were constitutively enhanced in the seal brain compared to mice (Mus musculus), whereas the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems were not. Possibly, the activity of the latter systems is stress-induced rather than constitutively elevated. Further, some, but not all members, of the glutathiones-transferase (GST) family appear more highly expressed. We found no signatures of positive selection, indicating that sequence and function of the studied antioxidants are conserved in pinnipeds. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Martens, Gerrit A. Folkow, Lars Burmester, Thorsten Geßner, Cornelia |
spellingShingle |
Martens, Gerrit A. Folkow, Lars Burmester, Thorsten Geßner, Cornelia Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
author_facet |
Martens, Gerrit A. Folkow, Lars Burmester, Thorsten Geßner, Cornelia |
author_sort |
Martens, Gerrit A. |
title |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_short |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_full |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_fullStr |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_sort |
elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28262 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 |
genre |
Cystophora cristata Pagophilus groenlandicus |
genre_facet |
Cystophora cristata Pagophilus groenlandicus |
op_relation |
Frontiers in Physiology Martens, Folkow, Burmester, Geßner. Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds. Frontiers in Physiology. 2022;13:1-18 FRIDAID 2106882 doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 1664-042X https://hdl.handle.net/10037/28262 |
op_rights |
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Physiology |
container_volume |
13 |
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1766395783775518720 |