Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods
The manuscripts of the dissertation presented here encompass several aspects of adaptations in ice-associated amphipods, focussing mainly on their ability to cope with increased light levels, including the ultraviolet radiation (UVR), under thinner or more dispersed sea ice. A decrease in multi-year...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25272 |
id |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/25272 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 DOKTOR-002 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 DOKTOR-002 Krapp, Rupert Harald Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods |
topic_facet |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 DOKTOR-002 |
description |
The manuscripts of the dissertation presented here encompass several aspects of adaptations in ice-associated amphipods, focussing mainly on their ability to cope with increased light levels, including the ultraviolet radiation (UVR), under thinner or more dispersed sea ice. A decrease in multi-year ice (MYI) in the Arctic, and a concurrent reduction in stable habitat for ice-associated species, is a substantial threat to the ecosystem in the Arctic Ocean, as these amphipods act as a key trophic link between primary production inside and under sea ice, and higher trophic levels. In a shift from thicker multi-year ice to thinner and less coherent first-year ice, the changes in under-ice light levels may be considered as the second-most significant factor, after the loss of the habitat itself. This thesis has as its overarching ambition to contribute to our understanding of how this change may affect the organisms living in association with the Arctic sea ice. While the reduction in stratospheric ozone and the resulting seasonal increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been halted and to some extent reversed, the recovery period is calculated to be protracted, and might even be affected negatively by the ongoing warming of the troposphere through the ongoing emission of greenhouse gases. So both the direct and indirect effects of UVR on sea ice-associated amphipods have been proven to be a significant factor, especially in the context of a reduction in both thickness and extent of the Arctic sea ice cover. The effects of pigment ingestion and accumulation have also been of particular interest, as well as the capacity of organisms to cope with and adapt to elevated, radiation-induced oxidative stress. Another aspect of this thesis has been to investigate hitherto and potentially overlooked aspects of the distribution and occurrence of ice-associated amphipods in the Antarctic. This study contributed to altering the previously held assumption that ice-associated amphipods in Antarctic waters were predominantly ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Krapp, Rupert Harald |
author_facet |
Krapp, Rupert Harald |
author_sort |
Krapp, Rupert Harald |
title |
Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods |
title_short |
Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods |
title_full |
Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods |
title_fullStr |
Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods |
title_full_unstemmed |
Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods |
title_sort |
living on the dark side? investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods |
publisher |
UiT The Arctic University of Norway |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25272 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Polar Biology Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Polar Biology Sea ice |
op_relation |
Paper 1: Krapp, R.H., Baussant, T., Berge, J., Pampanin, D.M. & Camus, L. (2009): Antioxidant responses in the polar marine sea-ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii to natural and experimentally increased UV levels. Aquatic Toxicology, 94 (1), 1-7. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.05.005 . Paper 2: Fuhrmann, M.M., Nygård, H., Krapp, R.H., Berge, J. & Werner, I. (2011). The adaptive significance of chromatophores in the Arctic under-ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis . Polar Biology, 34 , 823–832. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/4005 . Paper 3: Krapp, R.H. & Berge, J. Total content of Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the sympagic amphipods Gammarus wilkitzkii, Onisimus nanseni, O. glacialis , and Apherusa glacialis under Arctic pack ice during different seasons. (Manuscript). Paper 4: Krapp, R.H., Berge, J., Flores, H., Gulliksen, B. & Werner, I. (2008). Sympagic occurrence of Eusirid and Lysianassoid amphipods under Antarctic pack ice. Deep-Sea Research II, 55 , 1015-1023. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.12.018 . Paper 5: Norman, L., Thomas, D.N., Stedmon, C.A., Granskog, M.A., Papadimitriou, S., Krapp, R.H., … Dieckmann, G.S. (2011). The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Antarctic sea ice. Deep-Sea Research II, 58 , 1075-1091. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.030 . 978-82-8266-223-9 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25272 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) |
_version_ |
1766234671767617536 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/25272 2023-05-15T13:45:59+02:00 Living on the dark side? Investigations into under-ice light climate and sympagic amphipods Krapp, Rupert Harald 2022-06-10 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25272 eng eng UiT The Arctic University of Norway UiT Norges arktiske universitet Paper 1: Krapp, R.H., Baussant, T., Berge, J., Pampanin, D.M. & Camus, L. (2009): Antioxidant responses in the polar marine sea-ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii to natural and experimentally increased UV levels. Aquatic Toxicology, 94 (1), 1-7. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.05.005 . Paper 2: Fuhrmann, M.M., Nygård, H., Krapp, R.H., Berge, J. & Werner, I. (2011). The adaptive significance of chromatophores in the Arctic under-ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis . Polar Biology, 34 , 823–832. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/4005 . Paper 3: Krapp, R.H. & Berge, J. Total content of Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the sympagic amphipods Gammarus wilkitzkii, Onisimus nanseni, O. glacialis , and Apherusa glacialis under Arctic pack ice during different seasons. (Manuscript). Paper 4: Krapp, R.H., Berge, J., Flores, H., Gulliksen, B. & Werner, I. (2008). Sympagic occurrence of Eusirid and Lysianassoid amphipods under Antarctic pack ice. Deep-Sea Research II, 55 , 1015-1023. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.12.018 . Paper 5: Norman, L., Thomas, D.N., Stedmon, C.A., Granskog, M.A., Papadimitriou, S., Krapp, R.H., … Dieckmann, G.S. (2011). The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Antarctic sea ice. Deep-Sea Research II, 58 , 1075-1091. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.030 . 978-82-8266-223-9 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25272 openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 DOKTOR-002 Doctoral thesis Doktorgradsavhandling 2022 ftunivtroemsoe 2022-05-25T22:58:56Z The manuscripts of the dissertation presented here encompass several aspects of adaptations in ice-associated amphipods, focussing mainly on their ability to cope with increased light levels, including the ultraviolet radiation (UVR), under thinner or more dispersed sea ice. A decrease in multi-year ice (MYI) in the Arctic, and a concurrent reduction in stable habitat for ice-associated species, is a substantial threat to the ecosystem in the Arctic Ocean, as these amphipods act as a key trophic link between primary production inside and under sea ice, and higher trophic levels. In a shift from thicker multi-year ice to thinner and less coherent first-year ice, the changes in under-ice light levels may be considered as the second-most significant factor, after the loss of the habitat itself. This thesis has as its overarching ambition to contribute to our understanding of how this change may affect the organisms living in association with the Arctic sea ice. While the reduction in stratospheric ozone and the resulting seasonal increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been halted and to some extent reversed, the recovery period is calculated to be protracted, and might even be affected negatively by the ongoing warming of the troposphere through the ongoing emission of greenhouse gases. So both the direct and indirect effects of UVR on sea ice-associated amphipods have been proven to be a significant factor, especially in the context of a reduction in both thickness and extent of the Arctic sea ice cover. The effects of pigment ingestion and accumulation have also been of particular interest, as well as the capacity of organisms to cope with and adapt to elevated, radiation-induced oxidative stress. Another aspect of this thesis has been to investigate hitherto and potentially overlooked aspects of the distribution and occurrence of ice-associated amphipods in the Antarctic. This study contributed to altering the previously held assumption that ice-associated amphipods in Antarctic waters were predominantly ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Polar Biology Sea ice University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean The Antarctic |