Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling
The warming and subsequent degradation of mountain permafrost within alpine areas represent an important process influencing the stability of steep slopes and rock faces. The unstable and monitored slopes of Mannen (Møre and Romsdal county, southern Norway) and Gámanjunni-3 (Troms and Finnmark count...
Published in: | Earth Surface Dynamics |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25261 https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/25261 2023-05-15T16:13:45+02:00 Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling Etzelmüller, Bernd Czekirda, Justyna Magnin, Florence Duvillard, Pierre-Allain Ravanel, Ludovic Malet, Emanuelle Aspaas, Andreas Grøvan Kristensen, Lene Skrede, Ingrid Majala, Gudrun D. Jacobs, Benjamin Leinauer, Johannes Hauck, Christian Hilbich, Christin Böhme, Martina Hermanns, Reginald Eriksen, Harald Øverli Lauknes, Tom Rune Krautblatter, Michael Westermann, Sebastian 2022-02-01 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25261 https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022 eng eng Copernicus Publications Earth Surface Dynamics Etzelmüller, Czekirda, Magnin, Duvillard, Ravanel, Malet, Aspaas, Kristensen, Skrede, Majala, Jacobs, Leinauer, Hauck, Hilbich, Böhme, Hermanns, Eriksen, Lauknes, Krautblatter, Westermann. Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling. Earth Surface Dynamics. 2022;10(1):97-129 FRIDAID 2026061 doi:10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022 2196-6311 2196-632X https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25261 openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2022 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022 2022-05-25T22:58:58Z The warming and subsequent degradation of mountain permafrost within alpine areas represent an important process influencing the stability of steep slopes and rock faces. The unstable and monitored slopes of Mannen (Møre and Romsdal county, southern Norway) and Gámanjunni-3 (Troms and Finnmark county, northern Norway) were classified as high-risk sites by the Norwegian Geological Survey (NGU). Failure initiation has been suggested to be linked to permafrost degradation, but the detailed permafrost distribution at the sites is unknown. Rock wall (RW) temperature loggers at both sites have measured the thermal regime since 2015, showing mean rock surface temperatures between 2.5 and −1.6 ◦C depending on site and topographic aspect. Between 2016 and 2019 we conducted 2D and 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys on the plateau and directly within the rock wall back scarp of the unstable slopes at both sites. In combination with geophysical laboratory analysis of rock wall samples from both sites, the ERT soundings indicate widespread permafrost areas, especially at Gámanjunni-3. Finally, we conducted 2D thermal modelling to evaluate the potential thermal regime, along with an analysis of available displacement rate measurements based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and ground- and satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods. Surface air and ground temperatures have increased significantly since ca. 1900 by 1 and 1.5 ◦C, and the highest temperatures have been measured and modelled since 2000 at both study sites. We observed a seasonality of displacement, with increasing velocities during late winter and early spring and the highest velocities in June, probably related to water pressure variations during snowmelt. The displacement rates of Gámanjunni-3 rockslide co-vary with subsurface resistivity and modelled ground temperature. Increased displacement rates seem to be associated with sub-zero ground temperatures and higher ground resistivity. This might be ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Finnmark Northern Norway permafrost Finnmark Troms University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Gámanjunni ENVELOPE(20.591,20.591,69.469,69.469) Mannen ENVELOPE(13.520,13.520,68.204,68.204) Norway Earth Surface Dynamics 10 1 97 129 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
description |
The warming and subsequent degradation of mountain permafrost within alpine areas represent an important process influencing the stability of steep slopes and rock faces. The unstable and monitored slopes of Mannen (Møre and Romsdal county, southern Norway) and Gámanjunni-3 (Troms and Finnmark county, northern Norway) were classified as high-risk sites by the Norwegian Geological Survey (NGU). Failure initiation has been suggested to be linked to permafrost degradation, but the detailed permafrost distribution at the sites is unknown. Rock wall (RW) temperature loggers at both sites have measured the thermal regime since 2015, showing mean rock surface temperatures between 2.5 and −1.6 ◦C depending on site and topographic aspect. Between 2016 and 2019 we conducted 2D and 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys on the plateau and directly within the rock wall back scarp of the unstable slopes at both sites. In combination with geophysical laboratory analysis of rock wall samples from both sites, the ERT soundings indicate widespread permafrost areas, especially at Gámanjunni-3. Finally, we conducted 2D thermal modelling to evaluate the potential thermal regime, along with an analysis of available displacement rate measurements based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and ground- and satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods. Surface air and ground temperatures have increased significantly since ca. 1900 by 1 and 1.5 ◦C, and the highest temperatures have been measured and modelled since 2000 at both study sites. We observed a seasonality of displacement, with increasing velocities during late winter and early spring and the highest velocities in June, probably related to water pressure variations during snowmelt. The displacement rates of Gámanjunni-3 rockslide co-vary with subsurface resistivity and modelled ground temperature. Increased displacement rates seem to be associated with sub-zero ground temperatures and higher ground resistivity. This might be ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Etzelmüller, Bernd Czekirda, Justyna Magnin, Florence Duvillard, Pierre-Allain Ravanel, Ludovic Malet, Emanuelle Aspaas, Andreas Grøvan Kristensen, Lene Skrede, Ingrid Majala, Gudrun D. Jacobs, Benjamin Leinauer, Johannes Hauck, Christian Hilbich, Christin Böhme, Martina Hermanns, Reginald Eriksen, Harald Øverli Lauknes, Tom Rune Krautblatter, Michael Westermann, Sebastian |
spellingShingle |
Etzelmüller, Bernd Czekirda, Justyna Magnin, Florence Duvillard, Pierre-Allain Ravanel, Ludovic Malet, Emanuelle Aspaas, Andreas Grøvan Kristensen, Lene Skrede, Ingrid Majala, Gudrun D. Jacobs, Benjamin Leinauer, Johannes Hauck, Christian Hilbich, Christin Böhme, Martina Hermanns, Reginald Eriksen, Harald Øverli Lauknes, Tom Rune Krautblatter, Michael Westermann, Sebastian Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling |
author_facet |
Etzelmüller, Bernd Czekirda, Justyna Magnin, Florence Duvillard, Pierre-Allain Ravanel, Ludovic Malet, Emanuelle Aspaas, Andreas Grøvan Kristensen, Lene Skrede, Ingrid Majala, Gudrun D. Jacobs, Benjamin Leinauer, Johannes Hauck, Christian Hilbich, Christin Böhme, Martina Hermanns, Reginald Eriksen, Harald Øverli Lauknes, Tom Rune Krautblatter, Michael Westermann, Sebastian |
author_sort |
Etzelmüller, Bernd |
title |
Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling |
title_short |
Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling |
title_full |
Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling |
title_fullStr |
Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling |
title_sort |
permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in norway-new insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25261 https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(20.591,20.591,69.469,69.469) ENVELOPE(13.520,13.520,68.204,68.204) |
geographic |
Gámanjunni Mannen Norway |
geographic_facet |
Gámanjunni Mannen Norway |
genre |
Finnmark Northern Norway permafrost Finnmark Troms |
genre_facet |
Finnmark Northern Norway permafrost Finnmark Troms |
op_relation |
Earth Surface Dynamics Etzelmüller, Czekirda, Magnin, Duvillard, Ravanel, Malet, Aspaas, Kristensen, Skrede, Majala, Jacobs, Leinauer, Hauck, Hilbich, Böhme, Hermanns, Eriksen, Lauknes, Krautblatter, Westermann. Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway-New insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling. Earth Surface Dynamics. 2022;10(1):97-129 FRIDAID 2026061 doi:10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022 2196-6311 2196-632X https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25261 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022 |
container_title |
Earth Surface Dynamics |
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10 |
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1 |
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97 |
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129 |
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1765999594694508544 |