The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2
Different sea ice models apply unique approaches in the computation of nutrient diffusion between the ocean and the ice bottom, which are generally decoupled from the calculation of turbulent heat flux. A simple molecular diffusion formulation is often used. We argue that nutrient transfer from the...
Published in: | Geoscientific Model Development |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25105 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/25105 2023-05-15T14:27:17+02:00 The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2 Duarte, Pedro Assmy, Philip Campbell, Karley Sundfjord, Arild 2022-01-31 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25105 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022 eng eng Copernicus Publications Geoscientific Model Development info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H202/869154/EU/Enabling the adaptive co-management of social-ecological fjord systems in the Arctic/FACE-IT/ Duarte, Assmy, Campbell, Sundfjord. The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2. Geoscientific Model Development. 2022,15, 841–857, 2022 FRIDAID 1995072 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022 1991-959X 1991-9603 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25105 openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2022 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022 2022-05-18T23:02:56Z Different sea ice models apply unique approaches in the computation of nutrient diffusion between the ocean and the ice bottom, which are generally decoupled from the calculation of turbulent heat flux. A simple molecular diffusion formulation is often used. We argue that nutrient transfer from the ocean to sea ice should be as consistent as possible with heat transfer, since all of these fluxes respond to varying forcing in a similar fashion. We hypothesize that biogeochemical models that do not consider such turbulent nutrient exchanges between the ocean and the sea ice, despite considering brine drainage and bulk exchanges through ice freezing and melting, may underestimate bottom-ice algal production. The Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE + Icepack) was used to test this hypothesis by comparing simulations without and with diffusion of nutrients across the sea ice bottom that are dependent on velocity shear, implemented in a way that is consistent with turbulent heat exchanges. Simulation results support the hypothesis, showing a significant enhancement of ice algal production and biomass when nutrient limitation was relieved by bottom-ice turbulent exchange. Our results emphasize the potentially critical role of turbulent exchanges to sea ice algal blooms and thus the importance of properly representing them in biogeochemical models. The relevance of this becomes even more apparent considering ongoing trends in the Arctic Ocean, with a predictable shift from light-limited to nutrient-limited growth of ice algae earlier in the spring, as the sea ice becomes more fractured and thinner with a larger fraction of young ice with thin snow cover. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae Sea ice University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Arctic Ocean Geoscientific Model Development 15 2 841 857 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
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ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
description |
Different sea ice models apply unique approaches in the computation of nutrient diffusion between the ocean and the ice bottom, which are generally decoupled from the calculation of turbulent heat flux. A simple molecular diffusion formulation is often used. We argue that nutrient transfer from the ocean to sea ice should be as consistent as possible with heat transfer, since all of these fluxes respond to varying forcing in a similar fashion. We hypothesize that biogeochemical models that do not consider such turbulent nutrient exchanges between the ocean and the sea ice, despite considering brine drainage and bulk exchanges through ice freezing and melting, may underestimate bottom-ice algal production. The Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE + Icepack) was used to test this hypothesis by comparing simulations without and with diffusion of nutrients across the sea ice bottom that are dependent on velocity shear, implemented in a way that is consistent with turbulent heat exchanges. Simulation results support the hypothesis, showing a significant enhancement of ice algal production and biomass when nutrient limitation was relieved by bottom-ice turbulent exchange. Our results emphasize the potentially critical role of turbulent exchanges to sea ice algal blooms and thus the importance of properly representing them in biogeochemical models. The relevance of this becomes even more apparent considering ongoing trends in the Arctic Ocean, with a predictable shift from light-limited to nutrient-limited growth of ice algae earlier in the spring, as the sea ice becomes more fractured and thinner with a larger fraction of young ice with thin snow cover. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Duarte, Pedro Assmy, Philip Campbell, Karley Sundfjord, Arild |
spellingShingle |
Duarte, Pedro Assmy, Philip Campbell, Karley Sundfjord, Arild The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2 |
author_facet |
Duarte, Pedro Assmy, Philip Campbell, Karley Sundfjord, Arild |
author_sort |
Duarte, Pedro |
title |
The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2 |
title_short |
The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2 |
title_full |
The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2 |
title_fullStr |
The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2 |
title_sort |
importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with cice6.1 and icepack 1.2 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25105 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice algae Sea ice |
op_relation |
Geoscientific Model Development info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H202/869154/EU/Enabling the adaptive co-management of social-ecological fjord systems in the Arctic/FACE-IT/ Duarte, Assmy, Campbell, Sundfjord. The importance of turbulent ocean–sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2. Geoscientific Model Development. 2022,15, 841–857, 2022 FRIDAID 1995072 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022 1991-959X 1991-9603 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25105 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022 |
container_title |
Geoscientific Model Development |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
2 |
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841 |
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857 |
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1766300935127040000 |