Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019
The aim of this study is to examine the association between single risk factors and multiple risk factors in midlife and older ages (up to 64 years) and survival to the age of 85 years in women. The study sample comprised 857 women who attended the second survey of the population-based Tromsø Study...
Published in: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24884 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095219 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/24884 2023-05-15T18:34:21+02:00 Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019 Løvsletten, Ola Brenn, Tormod 2022-04-25 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24884 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095219 eng eng MDPI International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) FRIDAID 2018951 doi:10.3390/ijerph19095219 1661-7827 1660-4601 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24884 Copyright 2022 The Author(s) Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2022 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095219 2022-04-27T22:58:30Z The aim of this study is to examine the association between single risk factors and multiple risk factors in midlife and older ages (up to 64 years) and survival to the age of 85 years in women. The study sample comprised 857 women who attended the second survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (Tromsø2, 1979–1980) at the ages of 45–49 years and were followed for all-cause mortality until 85 years of age. Daily smoking, physical inactivity, being unmarried, obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol in midlife were used as explanatory variables in survival analyses. In total, 56% of the women reached the age of 85. Daily smoking, physical inactivity, being unmarried, and obesity were significant single risk factors for death before the age of 85. None of the women had all six risk factors, but survival to age 85 did decrease gradually with increasing number of risk factors: from 67% survival for those with no risk factors to 28% survival for those with four or five risk factors. A subset of the study sample also attended the third and fourth surveys of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø3, 1986–1987 and Tromsø4, 1994–1995, respectively). Women who quit smoking and those who became physically active between Tromsø3 and Tromsø4 had higher survival when compared to those who continued to smoke and remained physically inactive, respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of having no or few risk factors in midlife with respect to longevity. We observed a substantial increase in the risk of death before the age of 85 among women who were daily smokers, physically inactive, unmarried, or obese in midlife. This risk may be mitigated by lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and becoming physically active later in life. Article in Journal/Newspaper Tromsø University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Tromsø International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 9 5219 |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
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language |
English |
description |
The aim of this study is to examine the association between single risk factors and multiple risk factors in midlife and older ages (up to 64 years) and survival to the age of 85 years in women. The study sample comprised 857 women who attended the second survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (Tromsø2, 1979–1980) at the ages of 45–49 years and were followed for all-cause mortality until 85 years of age. Daily smoking, physical inactivity, being unmarried, obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol in midlife were used as explanatory variables in survival analyses. In total, 56% of the women reached the age of 85. Daily smoking, physical inactivity, being unmarried, and obesity were significant single risk factors for death before the age of 85. None of the women had all six risk factors, but survival to age 85 did decrease gradually with increasing number of risk factors: from 67% survival for those with no risk factors to 28% survival for those with four or five risk factors. A subset of the study sample also attended the third and fourth surveys of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø3, 1986–1987 and Tromsø4, 1994–1995, respectively). Women who quit smoking and those who became physically active between Tromsø3 and Tromsø4 had higher survival when compared to those who continued to smoke and remained physically inactive, respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of having no or few risk factors in midlife with respect to longevity. We observed a substantial increase in the risk of death before the age of 85 among women who were daily smokers, physically inactive, unmarried, or obese in midlife. This risk may be mitigated by lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and becoming physically active later in life. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Løvsletten, Ola Brenn, Tormod |
spellingShingle |
Løvsletten, Ola Brenn, Tormod Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019 |
author_facet |
Løvsletten, Ola Brenn, Tormod |
author_sort |
Løvsletten, Ola |
title |
Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019 |
title_short |
Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019 |
title_full |
Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019 |
title_fullStr |
Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Healthy Choices in Midlife Predict Survival to Age 85 in Women: The Tromsø Study 1979–2019 |
title_sort |
healthy choices in midlife predict survival to age 85 in women: the tromsø study 1979–2019 |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24884 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095219 |
geographic |
Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Tromsø |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_relation |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) FRIDAID 2018951 doi:10.3390/ijerph19095219 1661-7827 1660-4601 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24884 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2022 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095219 |
container_title |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
5219 |
_version_ |
1766219049777233920 |