Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current kn...
Published in: | Arctic Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Canadian Science Publishing
2022
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24163 https://doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-0058 |
id |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/24163 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha Andeson, Jill Arnold, Pieter Barrio, Isabel C. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper Tai Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T'ai Gladys Whittingham Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya Rita Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Rechsteiner, Aud Helen Halbritter Harte, John Henry, Greg H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte Mads Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla Olofsson, Johan Semenchuk, Philipp Vandvik, Vigdis Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
topic_facet |
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 |
description |
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulation studies, altering snow depth and duration, to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of studies on snow in tundra ecosystems has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. In specific, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by manipulative studies (average 7.9 days advance, 5.5 days delay) were substantially lower than those observed over spatial gradients (mean range of 56 days) or due to interannual variation (mean range of 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha Andeson, Jill Arnold, Pieter Barrio, Isabel C. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper Tai Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T'ai Gladys Whittingham Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya Rita Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Rechsteiner, Aud Helen Halbritter Harte, John Henry, Greg H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte Mads Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla Olofsson, Johan Semenchuk, Philipp Vandvik, Vigdis |
author_facet |
Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha Andeson, Jill Arnold, Pieter Barrio, Isabel C. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper Tai Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T'ai Gladys Whittingham Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya Rita Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Rechsteiner, Aud Helen Halbritter Harte, John Henry, Greg H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte Mads Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla Olofsson, Johan Semenchuk, Philipp Vandvik, Vigdis |
author_sort |
Rixen, Christian |
title |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_short |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_full |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_sort |
winters are changing: snow effects on arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24163 https://doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-0058 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra |
op_relation |
Arctic Science Norges forskningsråd: 225006 Andre: Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation 951 in Edu. Norges forskningsråd: 171542 Framsenteret: FRAM Centre Terrestrial 950 Framework (project:‘Summer’s End Egen institusjon: UiT-The Arctic University of Norway Norges forskningsråd: 230970 Norges forskningsråd: 244525 EC/H2020: CHARTER project Norges forskningsråd: 184912 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/657627/Norway/Permafrost thaw – decadal responses to climate change/PERMTHAW/ Rixen C, Høye TT, Macek P, Aerts R, Alatalo J, Andeson, Arnold P, Barrio IC, Bjerke JW, Björkman MP, Blok D, Blume-werry G, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Carbognani M, Christiansen CT, Convey P, Cooper E.J., Cornelissen JHC, Coulson S, Dorrepaal E, Elberling B, Elmendorf S, Elphinstone, Forte, Frei ER, Geange SR, Gehrmann F, Gibson, Grogan P, Rechsteiner AH, Harte J, Henry GH, Inouye DW, Irwin R, Jespersen, Jónsdóttir IS, Jung JY, Klinges DH, Kudo G, Lämsä, Lee H, Lembrechts J, Lett S, Lynn J, Mann, Mastepanov M, Morse, Myers-Smith I, Olofsson J, Semenchuk P, Vandvik V. Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems. Arctic Science. 2022 FRIDAID 2005140 doi:10.1139/AS-2020-0058 2368-7460 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24163 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-0058 |
container_title |
Arctic Science |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
37 |
_version_ |
1766297225954066432 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/24163 2023-05-15T14:24:46+02:00 Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha Andeson, Jill Arnold, Pieter Barrio, Isabel C. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper Tai Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T'ai Gladys Whittingham Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya Rita Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Rechsteiner, Aud Helen Halbritter Harte, John Henry, Greg H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte Mads Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-Smith, Isla Olofsson, Johan Semenchuk, Philipp Vandvik, Vigdis 2022-02-18 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24163 https://doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-0058 eng eng Canadian Science Publishing Arctic Science Norges forskningsråd: 225006 Andre: Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation 951 in Edu. Norges forskningsråd: 171542 Framsenteret: FRAM Centre Terrestrial 950 Framework (project:‘Summer’s End Egen institusjon: UiT-The Arctic University of Norway Norges forskningsråd: 230970 Norges forskningsråd: 244525 EC/H2020: CHARTER project Norges forskningsråd: 184912 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/657627/Norway/Permafrost thaw – decadal responses to climate change/PERMTHAW/ Rixen C, Høye TT, Macek P, Aerts R, Alatalo J, Andeson, Arnold P, Barrio IC, Bjerke JW, Björkman MP, Blok D, Blume-werry G, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Carbognani M, Christiansen CT, Convey P, Cooper E.J., Cornelissen JHC, Coulson S, Dorrepaal E, Elberling B, Elmendorf S, Elphinstone, Forte, Frei ER, Geange SR, Gehrmann F, Gibson, Grogan P, Rechsteiner AH, Harte J, Henry GH, Inouye DW, Irwin R, Jespersen, Jónsdóttir IS, Jung JY, Klinges DH, Kudo G, Lämsä, Lee H, Lembrechts J, Lett S, Lynn J, Mann, Mastepanov M, Morse, Myers-Smith I, Olofsson J, Semenchuk P, Vandvik V. Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems. Arctic Science. 2022 FRIDAID 2005140 doi:10.1139/AS-2020-0058 2368-7460 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/24163 openAccess Copyright 2022 The Author(s) VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed acceptedVersion 2022 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-0058 2022-03-02T23:57:50Z Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulation studies, altering snow depth and duration, to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of studies on snow in tundra ecosystems has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. In specific, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by manipulative studies (average 7.9 days advance, 5.5 days delay) were substantially lower than those observed over spatial gradients (mean range of 56 days) or due to interannual variation (mean range of 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Arctic Science 1 37 |