Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study
Until recently, polar night constituted truly a “mare incognitum” of our times. Yet, the first records from this very little-explored period showcased a surprisingly rich and active ecosystem. This investigation aims to reveal the level of scavenger activity during both Arctic polar night and day. I...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21676 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656772 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/21676 2023-05-15T14:24:50+02:00 Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study Bałazy, Piotr Anderson, Marti J. Chełchowski, Maciej Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Maria Kukliński, Piotr Berge, Jørgen 2021-05-24 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21676 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656772 eng eng Frontiers Media Frontiers in Marine Science Bałazy, Anderson, Chełchowski, Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Kukliński, Berge. Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021;8 FRIDAID 1917629 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.656772 2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21676 openAccess Copyright 2021 The Author(s) VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2021 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656772 2021-07-07T22:52:38Z Until recently, polar night constituted truly a “mare incognitum” of our times. Yet, the first records from this very little-explored period showcased a surprisingly rich and active ecosystem. This investigation aims to reveal the level of scavenger activity during both Arctic polar night and day. It compares the shallow-water scavenging fauna observed during two contrasting seasons (winter vs. summer) in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, 79° N, Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago). In each of January and July 2015, two different bait types – Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and a bird carcass (chicken meat) were deployed at a depth of 12 m. Fauna were monitored remotely using time-lapse cameras equipped with bait traps, with photographs taken every 15 min over a period of 4 days. Thirty taxa were recorded at baits, dominated by lysianassid amphipods (Onisimus sp. 88%, Anonyx sp. 2%, but only during winter), and buccinid gastropods (B. undatum 5%, B. glaciale 1%, Buccinum sp. 3%, in both seasons). In most cases, buccinids were the first animals to appear at bait. The total number of recorded taxa, mean species richness per sampling unit, total abundance and associations among taxa were higher, on average, in winter than in summer deployments, while Pielou’s evenness index showed the opposite pattern. Scavenger assemblages differed significantly between the two seasons and also in response to the two different bait types, with seasonal effects being strongest. Contrary to expectations, bait consumption rates differed very little between the two seasons, being slow in general and only slightly faster in summer (0.05 g of cod bait consumed in 1 min) compared to winter (0.04 g min–1), yielding novel insights into ecological interactions and functions in shallow marine ecosystems during Arctic polar nights. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic atlantic cod Gadus morhua Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden polar night Svalbard Spitsbergen University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Bałazy, Piotr Anderson, Marti J. Chełchowski, Maciej Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Maria Kukliński, Piotr Berge, Jørgen Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
description |
Until recently, polar night constituted truly a “mare incognitum” of our times. Yet, the first records from this very little-explored period showcased a surprisingly rich and active ecosystem. This investigation aims to reveal the level of scavenger activity during both Arctic polar night and day. It compares the shallow-water scavenging fauna observed during two contrasting seasons (winter vs. summer) in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, 79° N, Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago). In each of January and July 2015, two different bait types – Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and a bird carcass (chicken meat) were deployed at a depth of 12 m. Fauna were monitored remotely using time-lapse cameras equipped with bait traps, with photographs taken every 15 min over a period of 4 days. Thirty taxa were recorded at baits, dominated by lysianassid amphipods (Onisimus sp. 88%, Anonyx sp. 2%, but only during winter), and buccinid gastropods (B. undatum 5%, B. glaciale 1%, Buccinum sp. 3%, in both seasons). In most cases, buccinids were the first animals to appear at bait. The total number of recorded taxa, mean species richness per sampling unit, total abundance and associations among taxa were higher, on average, in winter than in summer deployments, while Pielou’s evenness index showed the opposite pattern. Scavenger assemblages differed significantly between the two seasons and also in response to the two different bait types, with seasonal effects being strongest. Contrary to expectations, bait consumption rates differed very little between the two seasons, being slow in general and only slightly faster in summer (0.05 g of cod bait consumed in 1 min) compared to winter (0.04 g min–1), yielding novel insights into ecological interactions and functions in shallow marine ecosystems during Arctic polar nights. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bałazy, Piotr Anderson, Marti J. Chełchowski, Maciej Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Maria Kukliński, Piotr Berge, Jørgen |
author_facet |
Bałazy, Piotr Anderson, Marti J. Chełchowski, Maciej Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Maria Kukliński, Piotr Berge, Jørgen |
author_sort |
Bałazy, Piotr |
title |
Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study |
title_short |
Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study |
title_full |
Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study |
title_fullStr |
Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study |
title_sort |
shallow-water scavengers of polar night and day – an arctic time-lapse photography study |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21676 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656772 |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
genre |
Arctic Arctic atlantic cod Gadus morhua Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden polar night Svalbard Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic atlantic cod Gadus morhua Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden polar night Svalbard Spitsbergen |
op_relation |
Frontiers in Marine Science Bałazy, Anderson, Chełchowski, Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Kukliński, Berge. Shallow-Water Scavengers of Polar Night and Day – An Arctic Time-Lapse Photography Study. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021;8 FRIDAID 1917629 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.656772 2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21676 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2021 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656772 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1766297292501942272 |