To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study
Background and objective - The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on the site‐specific association between bleeding on gingival probing and supragingival plaque and to assess whether this differs in different regions of the dentition. Methods - Data from a representative s...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21216 https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12713 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/21216 2023-05-15T17:43:41+02:00 To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study Holde, Gro Eirin Jönsson, Birgitta Oscarson, Nils Müller, Hans-Peter 2019-12-01 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21216 https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12713 eng eng Wiley Journal of Periodontal Research Holde, Jönsson, Oscarson, Müller. To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2020 FRIDAID 1880543 doi:10.1111/jre.12713 0022-3484 1600-0765 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21216 openAccess Copyright 2019 The Author(s) VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical dentistry disciplines: 830 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk odontologiske fag: 830 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2019 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12713 2021-06-25T17:58:03Z Background and objective - The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on the site‐specific association between bleeding on gingival probing and supragingival plaque and to assess whether this differs in different regions of the dentition. Methods - Data from a representative sample of 1911 adults (20‐79 years old) in Northern Norway were analyzed. Periodontal examinations consisted of full‐mouth recordings of periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and presence of supragingival plaque. Smoking status and background characteristics were self‐reported by questionnaire. The association between plaque and BOP was assessed in several three‐level (subject, tooth, and site) random intercept logistic regression models adjusted for PD, smoking status, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index. In a further model, it was assessed whether the association between supragingival plaque and BOP differed in different parts of the dentition. Results - For plaque‐free sites, bleeding tendency was lower in smokers, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.773 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.678‐0.881 as compared to non‐smokers (OR: 1; ref., P < .001). The odds of BOP at plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers were increased twofold (OR: 2.117; 2.059‐2.177). Albeit bleeding tendency was slightly increased in plaque‐covered sites in smokers, it was considerably lower as compared to plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers (OR: 1.459; 1.282‐1.662, P < .001). Smoking ≥ 20 pack‐years further attenuated the association. In smokers, the odds of BOP were reduced in all parts of the dentition, lower and upper anterior and posterior teeth (X 2 (4) = 32.043, P < .001). When restricting the data to younger adults (20‐34 year old), smoking had only a slight effect on the association between plaque and BOP. For plaque‐free and plaque‐covered sites, differences in ORs were not statistically noticeable (P = .221 and P = .235, respectively). Conclusions - Smoking considerably attenuates the site‐specific association between plaque and BOP with a dose‐dependent effect. The effect of smoking did not differ across tooth types. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Norway University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Norway Journal of Periodontal Research 55 2 277 286 |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
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ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical dentistry disciplines: 830 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk odontologiske fag: 830 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical dentistry disciplines: 830 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk odontologiske fag: 830 Holde, Gro Eirin Jönsson, Birgitta Oscarson, Nils Müller, Hans-Peter To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study |
topic_facet |
VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical dentistry disciplines: 830 VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk odontologiske fag: 830 |
description |
Background and objective - The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on the site‐specific association between bleeding on gingival probing and supragingival plaque and to assess whether this differs in different regions of the dentition. Methods - Data from a representative sample of 1911 adults (20‐79 years old) in Northern Norway were analyzed. Periodontal examinations consisted of full‐mouth recordings of periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and presence of supragingival plaque. Smoking status and background characteristics were self‐reported by questionnaire. The association between plaque and BOP was assessed in several three‐level (subject, tooth, and site) random intercept logistic regression models adjusted for PD, smoking status, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index. In a further model, it was assessed whether the association between supragingival plaque and BOP differed in different parts of the dentition. Results - For plaque‐free sites, bleeding tendency was lower in smokers, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.773 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.678‐0.881 as compared to non‐smokers (OR: 1; ref., P < .001). The odds of BOP at plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers were increased twofold (OR: 2.117; 2.059‐2.177). Albeit bleeding tendency was slightly increased in plaque‐covered sites in smokers, it was considerably lower as compared to plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers (OR: 1.459; 1.282‐1.662, P < .001). Smoking ≥ 20 pack‐years further attenuated the association. In smokers, the odds of BOP were reduced in all parts of the dentition, lower and upper anterior and posterior teeth (X 2 (4) = 32.043, P < .001). When restricting the data to younger adults (20‐34 year old), smoking had only a slight effect on the association between plaque and BOP. For plaque‐free and plaque‐covered sites, differences in ORs were not statistically noticeable (P = .221 and P = .235, respectively). Conclusions - Smoking considerably attenuates the site‐specific association between plaque and BOP with a dose‐dependent effect. The effect of smoking did not differ across tooth types. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Holde, Gro Eirin Jönsson, Birgitta Oscarson, Nils Müller, Hans-Peter |
author_facet |
Holde, Gro Eirin Jönsson, Birgitta Oscarson, Nils Müller, Hans-Peter |
author_sort |
Holde, Gro Eirin |
title |
To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study |
title_short |
To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study |
title_full |
To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study |
title_fullStr |
To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study |
title_full_unstemmed |
To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study |
title_sort |
to what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21216 https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12713 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Northern Norway |
genre_facet |
Northern Norway |
op_relation |
Journal of Periodontal Research Holde, Jönsson, Oscarson, Müller. To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2020 FRIDAID 1880543 doi:10.1111/jre.12713 0022-3484 1600-0765 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21216 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2019 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12713 |
container_title |
Journal of Periodontal Research |
container_volume |
55 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
277 |
op_container_end_page |
286 |
_version_ |
1766145817231491072 |