Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas.
An important yet still not well documented aspect of recent changes in the Arctic Ocean is associated with the advection of anomalous sub-Arctic Atlantic- and Pacific-origin waters and biota into the polar basins, a process which we refer to as borealization. Using a 37-year archive of observations...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media
2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20340 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Polyakov, Igor V. Alkire, Mattew Bluhm, Bodil Brown, Kristina Carmack, Eddy C. Chierici, Melissa Danielson, Seth L. Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Ershova, Elizaveta Gardfeldt, Katrin Ingvaldsen, Randi Brunvær Pnyushkov, Andrey V. Slagstad, Dag Wassmann, Paul Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
description |
An important yet still not well documented aspect of recent changes in the Arctic Ocean is associated with the advection of anomalous sub-Arctic Atlantic- and Pacific-origin waters and biota into the polar basins, a process which we refer to as borealization. Using a 37-year archive of observations (1981–2017) we demonstrate dramatically contrasting regional responses to atlantification (that part of borealization related to progression of anomalies from the Atlantic sector of sub-Arctic seas into the Arctic Ocean) and pacification (the counterpart of atlantification associated with influx of anomalous Pacific waters). Particularly, we show strong salinification of the upper Eurasian Basin since 2000, with attendant reductions in stratification, and potentially altered nutrient fluxes and primary production. These changes are closely related to upstream conditions. In contrast, pacification is strongly manifested in the Amerasian Basin by the anomalous influx of Pacific waters, creating conditions favorable for increased heat and freshwater content in the Beaufort Gyre halocline and expansion of Pacific species into the Arctic interior. Here, changes in the upper (overlying) layers are driven by local Arctic atmospheric processes resulting in stronger wind/ice/ocean coupling, increased convergence within the Beaufort Gyre, a thickening of the fresh surface layer, and a deepening of the nutricline and deep chlorophyll maximum. Thus, a divergent (Eurasian Basin) gyre responds altogether differently than does a convergent (Amerasian Basin) gyre to climate forcing. Available geochemical data indicate a general decrease in nutrient concentrations Arctic-wide, except in the northern portions of the Makarov and Amundsen Basins and northern Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin. Thus, changes in the circulation pathways of specific water masses, as well as the utilization of nutrients in upstream regions, may control the availability of nutrients in the Arctic Ocean. Model-based evaluation of the trajectory of the Arctic climate system into the future suggests that Arctic borealization will continue under scenarios of global warming. Results from this synthesis further our understanding of the Arctic Ocean’s complex and sometimes non-intuitive Arctic response to climate forcing by identifying new feedbacks in the atmosphere-ice-ocean system in which borealization plays a key role. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Polyakov, Igor V. Alkire, Mattew Bluhm, Bodil Brown, Kristina Carmack, Eddy C. Chierici, Melissa Danielson, Seth L. Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Ershova, Elizaveta Gardfeldt, Katrin Ingvaldsen, Randi Brunvær Pnyushkov, Andrey V. Slagstad, Dag Wassmann, Paul |
author_facet |
Polyakov, Igor V. Alkire, Mattew Bluhm, Bodil Brown, Kristina Carmack, Eddy C. Chierici, Melissa Danielson, Seth L. Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Ershova, Elizaveta Gardfeldt, Katrin Ingvaldsen, Randi Brunvær Pnyushkov, Andrey V. Slagstad, Dag Wassmann, Paul |
author_sort |
Polyakov, Igor V. |
title |
Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. |
title_short |
Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. |
title_full |
Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. |
title_fullStr |
Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. |
title_sort |
borealization of the arctic ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-arctic seas. |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20340 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada Chukchi Sea Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada Chukchi Sea Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Chukchi Chukchi Sea Global warming |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Chukchi Chukchi Sea Global warming |
op_relation |
Frontiers in Marine Science Tromsø forskningsstiftelse: Arctic SIZE info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/NANSEN/276730/Norway/The Nansen Legacy// info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/POLARPROG/226415/Norway/Bridging marine productivity regimes: How Atlantic advection affects productivity, carbon cycling and export in a melting Arctic Ocean// Polyakov IV, Alkire, Bluhm B, Brown K, Carmack EC, Chierici M, Danielson SL, Ellingsen IH, Ershova E, Gardfeldt, Ingvaldsen R, Pnyushkov AV, Slagstad D, Wassmann PFJ. Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. . Frontiers in Marine Science. 2020;7(491) FRIDAID 1868277 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491 2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20340 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
_version_ |
1766294741879619584 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/20340 2023-05-15T14:22:04+02:00 Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. Polyakov, Igor V. Alkire, Mattew Bluhm, Bodil Brown, Kristina Carmack, Eddy C. Chierici, Melissa Danielson, Seth L. Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Ershova, Elizaveta Gardfeldt, Katrin Ingvaldsen, Randi Brunvær Pnyushkov, Andrey V. Slagstad, Dag Wassmann, Paul 2020-07-03 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20340 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491 eng eng Frontiers Media Frontiers in Marine Science Tromsø forskningsstiftelse: Arctic SIZE info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/NANSEN/276730/Norway/The Nansen Legacy// info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/POLARPROG/226415/Norway/Bridging marine productivity regimes: How Atlantic advection affects productivity, carbon cycling and export in a melting Arctic Ocean// Polyakov IV, Alkire, Bluhm B, Brown K, Carmack EC, Chierici M, Danielson SL, Ellingsen IH, Ershova E, Gardfeldt, Ingvaldsen R, Pnyushkov AV, Slagstad D, Wassmann PFJ. Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous advection from sub-Arctic seas. . Frontiers in Marine Science. 2020;7(491) FRIDAID 1868277 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491 2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20340 openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2020 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491 2021-06-25T17:57:56Z An important yet still not well documented aspect of recent changes in the Arctic Ocean is associated with the advection of anomalous sub-Arctic Atlantic- and Pacific-origin waters and biota into the polar basins, a process which we refer to as borealization. Using a 37-year archive of observations (1981–2017) we demonstrate dramatically contrasting regional responses to atlantification (that part of borealization related to progression of anomalies from the Atlantic sector of sub-Arctic seas into the Arctic Ocean) and pacification (the counterpart of atlantification associated with influx of anomalous Pacific waters). Particularly, we show strong salinification of the upper Eurasian Basin since 2000, with attendant reductions in stratification, and potentially altered nutrient fluxes and primary production. These changes are closely related to upstream conditions. In contrast, pacification is strongly manifested in the Amerasian Basin by the anomalous influx of Pacific waters, creating conditions favorable for increased heat and freshwater content in the Beaufort Gyre halocline and expansion of Pacific species into the Arctic interior. Here, changes in the upper (overlying) layers are driven by local Arctic atmospheric processes resulting in stronger wind/ice/ocean coupling, increased convergence within the Beaufort Gyre, a thickening of the fresh surface layer, and a deepening of the nutricline and deep chlorophyll maximum. Thus, a divergent (Eurasian Basin) gyre responds altogether differently than does a convergent (Amerasian Basin) gyre to climate forcing. Available geochemical data indicate a general decrease in nutrient concentrations Arctic-wide, except in the northern portions of the Makarov and Amundsen Basins and northern Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin. Thus, changes in the circulation pathways of specific water masses, as well as the utilization of nutrients in upstream regions, may control the availability of nutrients in the Arctic Ocean. Model-based evaluation of the trajectory of the Arctic climate system into the future suggests that Arctic borealization will continue under scenarios of global warming. Results from this synthesis further our understanding of the Arctic Ocean’s complex and sometimes non-intuitive Arctic response to climate forcing by identifying new feedbacks in the atmosphere-ice-ocean system in which borealization plays a key role. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Chukchi Chukchi Sea Global warming University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada Chukchi Sea Pacific Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |