Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system
In marine rift basins, deep-water clastics (>200 m) in the hanging wall of rift- or basin-bounding fault systems are commonly juxtaposed against crystalline “basement” rocks in the footwall. A distinct feature of such fault systems is therefore the juxtaposition of relatively highly permeable, un...
Published in: | Solid Earth |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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European Geosciences Union (EGU)
2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19969 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1987-2020 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/19969 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450 Salomon, Eric Rotevatn, Atle Kristensen, Thomas Berg Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Henstra, Gijs Allard Meckler, Anna Nele Albert, Richard Gerdes, Axel Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450 |
description |
In marine rift basins, deep-water clastics (>200 m) in the hanging wall of rift- or basin-bounding fault systems are commonly juxtaposed against crystalline “basement” rocks in the footwall. A distinct feature of such fault systems is therefore the juxtaposition of relatively highly permeable, unconsolidated sediments against relatively low-permeable basement rocks. Due to limited surface exposure of such fault zones, studies elucidating their structure and evolution are rare. Consequently, their impact on fluid circulation and diagenesis within and proximal to the fault zone as well as into the hanging wall strata are also poorly understood. Motivated by this, we here investigate a well-exposed strand of a major basin-bounding fault system in the East Greenland rift system, namely the Dombjerg Fault which bounds the Wollaston Forland Basin, northeast (NE) Greenland. Here, syn-rift deep-water clastics of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age are juxtaposed against Caledonian metamorphic basement. Previously, a ∼ 1 km wide zone of pervasive pore-filling calcite cementation of the hanging wall sediments along the Dombjerg Fault core was identified (Kristensen et al., 2016). In this study, based on U–Pb calcite dating, we show that cementation and formation of this cementation zone started during the rift climax in Berrisian–Valanginian times. Using clumped isotope analysis, we determined cement formation temperatures of ∼ 30–70 ∘C. The spread in the formation temperatures at similar formation age indicates variable heat flow of upward fluid circulation along the fault in the hanging wall sediments, which may root in permeability variations in the sediments. Calcite vein formation, postdating and affecting the cementation zone, clusters between ∼ 125 and 100 Ma in the post-rift stage, indicating that fracturing in the hanging wall is not directly related to the main phase of activity of the adjacent Dombjerg Fault. Vein formation temperatures at ∼ 30–80 ∘C are in a similar range as cement formation temperatures. Further, similar minor element concentrations of veins and adjacent cements indicate diffusional mass transfer into fractures, which in turn infers a subdued fluid circulation and low permeability of the fracture network. These results imply that the cementation zone formed a near-impermeable barrier soon after sediment deposition, and that low effective permeabilities were maintained in the cementation zone even after fracture formation, due to poor fracture connectivity. We argue that the existence of such a cementation zone should be considered in any assessments that target basin-bounding fault systems for, e.g., hydrocarbon, groundwater, geothermal energy, and carbon storage exploration. Our study highlights that the understanding of fluid flow properties as well as fault-controlled diagenesis affecting the fault itself and/or adjacent basinal clastics is of great fundamental and economic importance. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Salomon, Eric Rotevatn, Atle Kristensen, Thomas Berg Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Henstra, Gijs Allard Meckler, Anna Nele Albert, Richard Gerdes, Axel |
author_facet |
Salomon, Eric Rotevatn, Atle Kristensen, Thomas Berg Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Henstra, Gijs Allard Meckler, Anna Nele Albert, Richard Gerdes, Axel |
author_sort |
Salomon, Eric |
title |
Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system |
title_short |
Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system |
title_full |
Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system |
title_fullStr |
Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system |
title_sort |
fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - insights from the east greenland rift system |
publisher |
European Geosciences Union (EGU) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19969 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1987-2020 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-20.800,-20.800,74.550,74.550) ENVELOPE(-159.667,-159.667,-86.333,-86.333) ENVELOPE(-60.790,-60.790,-63.668,-63.668) ENVELOPE(-19.861,-19.861,74.476,74.476) |
geographic |
Dombjerg Greenland Kristensen Wollaston Wollaston Forland |
geographic_facet |
Dombjerg Greenland Kristensen Wollaston Wollaston Forland |
genre |
Arctic East Greenland Greenland Wollaston forland |
genre_facet |
Arctic East Greenland Greenland Wollaston forland |
op_relation |
Solid Earth (SE) info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/PETROSENTR/228107/Norway/Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration/ARCEx/ Salomon, Rotevatn, Kristensen, Grundvåg, Henstra, Meckler, Albert, Gerdes. Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system. Solid Earth (SE). 2020;11(6):1987-2013 FRIDAID 1854043 doi:10.5194/se-11-1987-2020 1869-9510 1869-9529 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19969 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1987-2020 |
container_title |
Solid Earth |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1987 |
op_container_end_page |
2013 |
_version_ |
1766300774763069440 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/19969 2023-05-15T14:27:10+02:00 Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system Salomon, Eric Rotevatn, Atle Kristensen, Thomas Berg Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Henstra, Gijs Allard Meckler, Anna Nele Albert, Richard Gerdes, Axel 2020-11-05 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19969 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1987-2020 eng eng European Geosciences Union (EGU) Solid Earth (SE) info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/PETROSENTR/228107/Norway/Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration/ARCEx/ Salomon, Rotevatn, Kristensen, Grundvåg, Henstra, Meckler, Albert, Gerdes. Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system. Solid Earth (SE). 2020;11(6):1987-2013 FRIDAID 1854043 doi:10.5194/se-11-1987-2020 1869-9510 1869-9529 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19969 openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2020 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1987-2020 2021-06-25T17:57:49Z In marine rift basins, deep-water clastics (>200 m) in the hanging wall of rift- or basin-bounding fault systems are commonly juxtaposed against crystalline “basement” rocks in the footwall. A distinct feature of such fault systems is therefore the juxtaposition of relatively highly permeable, unconsolidated sediments against relatively low-permeable basement rocks. Due to limited surface exposure of such fault zones, studies elucidating their structure and evolution are rare. Consequently, their impact on fluid circulation and diagenesis within and proximal to the fault zone as well as into the hanging wall strata are also poorly understood. Motivated by this, we here investigate a well-exposed strand of a major basin-bounding fault system in the East Greenland rift system, namely the Dombjerg Fault which bounds the Wollaston Forland Basin, northeast (NE) Greenland. Here, syn-rift deep-water clastics of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age are juxtaposed against Caledonian metamorphic basement. Previously, a ∼ 1 km wide zone of pervasive pore-filling calcite cementation of the hanging wall sediments along the Dombjerg Fault core was identified (Kristensen et al., 2016). In this study, based on U–Pb calcite dating, we show that cementation and formation of this cementation zone started during the rift climax in Berrisian–Valanginian times. Using clumped isotope analysis, we determined cement formation temperatures of ∼ 30–70 ∘C. The spread in the formation temperatures at similar formation age indicates variable heat flow of upward fluid circulation along the fault in the hanging wall sediments, which may root in permeability variations in the sediments. Calcite vein formation, postdating and affecting the cementation zone, clusters between ∼ 125 and 100 Ma in the post-rift stage, indicating that fracturing in the hanging wall is not directly related to the main phase of activity of the adjacent Dombjerg Fault. Vein formation temperatures at ∼ 30–80 ∘C are in a similar range as cement formation temperatures. Further, similar minor element concentrations of veins and adjacent cements indicate diffusional mass transfer into fractures, which in turn infers a subdued fluid circulation and low permeability of the fracture network. These results imply that the cementation zone formed a near-impermeable barrier soon after sediment deposition, and that low effective permeabilities were maintained in the cementation zone even after fracture formation, due to poor fracture connectivity. We argue that the existence of such a cementation zone should be considered in any assessments that target basin-bounding fault systems for, e.g., hydrocarbon, groundwater, geothermal energy, and carbon storage exploration. Our study highlights that the understanding of fluid flow properties as well as fault-controlled diagenesis affecting the fault itself and/or adjacent basinal clastics is of great fundamental and economic importance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic East Greenland Greenland Wollaston forland University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Dombjerg ENVELOPE(-20.800,-20.800,74.550,74.550) Greenland Kristensen ENVELOPE(-159.667,-159.667,-86.333,-86.333) Wollaston ENVELOPE(-60.790,-60.790,-63.668,-63.668) Wollaston Forland ENVELOPE(-19.861,-19.861,74.476,74.476) Solid Earth 11 6 1987 2013 |