Plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 15 are associated with future risk of venous thromboembolism

• Published in: Blood
• Main Authors: Hansen, Ellen-Sofie, Hindberg, Kristian, Latysheva, Nadezhda, Aukrust, Pål, Ueland, Thor, Hansen, John-Bjarne, Brækkan, Sigrid Kufaas, Morelli, Vania Maris
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: American Society of Hematology 2020
• Subjects: VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Basic medical; dental and veterinary science disciplines: 710; VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske; odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710; Tromsø
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19764; https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019004572

This research was originally published in Blood. Hansen, E.-S., Hindberg, K., Latysheva, N., Aukrust, P., Ueland, T., Hansen, J.-B. . Morelli, V.M. (2020). Plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 15 are associated with future risk of venous thromboembolism. Blood, 136 (16), 1863-1870. © the American Society of Hematology. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress, has emerged as a biomarker for arterial cardiovascular disease. However, the association between GDF-15 and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains uncertain. We therefore investigated the association between plasma GDF-15 levels and future risk of incident VTE and explored the potential of a causal association using Mendelian randomization (MR). We conducted a population-based nested case-control study comprising 416 VTE patients and 848 age- and sex-matched controls derived from the Tromsø Study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for VTE across GDF-15 quartiles. For the MR, we used data from the International Network on Venous Thrombosis (INVENT) consortium to examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GDF-15 levels with genome-wide significance were related to VTE. We found that the ORs for VTE increased across GDF-15 quartiles (P trend = .002). Participants with GDF-15 values in the highest quartile (≥358 pg/mL) had an OR for VTE of 2.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.37-3.08) compared with those with GDF-15 in the lowest quartile (<200 pg/mL) in the age- and sex-adjusted model. ORs remained essentially the same after further adjustment for body mass index, smoking, hormone therapy, physical activity, and C-reactive protein. Similar results were obtained for provoked/unprovoked events, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. GDF-15 levels, as predicted by the SNPs, were not associated with VTE in MR. Our results indicate that high GDF-15 levels are associated with increased risk of VTE, but MR suggests that this association is not causal.